PMID- 37598770
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230918
LR  - 20230918
IS  - 1872-7573 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-8741 (Linking)
VI  - 318
IP  - Pt B
DP  - 2024 Jan 10
TI  - Anti-inflammatory effects of Arnica montana (mother tincture and homeopathic 
      dilutions) in various cell models.
PG  - 117064
LID - S0378-8741(23)00932-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117064 [doi]
AB  - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The plant Arnica montana L. has been shown to 
      alleviate inflammation, pain and swelling associated with trauma, and 
      post-operative clinical conditions, yet the mechanism of action is not well 
      understood. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study was designed to investigate the effect of 
      Arnica montana (A. montana) mother tincture and homeopathic dilutions on 
      inflammation markers, oxidative stress and cell migration in diverse cell culture 
      models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested A. montana mother tincture and a range 
      of homeopathic dilutions in different human and murine cell culture models to 
      demonstrate their anti-inflammatory properties by measuring the inflammatory 
      markers: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 
      cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), 
      intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell 
      migration. The inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA assays. The 
      intracellular oxidative stress (ROS) in microglial cells was measured using Deep 
      Red CellROX probe. The cell migration was examined by wound healing using the 
      Oris Cell migration assay. RESULTS: These data showed the ability of A. montana 
      (mother tincture and mainly 1C dilution) to significantly reduce TNFalpha production 
      in inflamed macrophages compared with vehicle (control). They significantly 
      reduced both IL-6 and MCP-1 in inflamed human microglial cells and significantly 
      decreased COX-2 expression in inflamed murine fibroblasts. Moreover, A. montana 
      mother tincture reduced the cell migration whereas 9C dilution significantly 
      enhanced the migration of fibroblast cells compared with vehicle. The expression 
      of ICAM-1 was significantly reduced with A. montana mother tincture and 1C, 3C, 
      5C, and 9C dilutions in inflamed human endothelial cells compared with vehicle. 
      A. montana mother tincture and 1C, 3C, 5C and 9C dilutions induced a significant 
      and consistent effect on ROS production in inflamed murine microglial cells. A. 
      montana 1C had the largest impact on ROS production. CONCLUSIONS: Mother tincture 
      and 1C dilution of A. montana showed anti-inflammatory properties assessed by 
      measurement of several markers (pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecule, 
      ROS) in various human and murine cell models. In addition, A. montana 3C, 5C, 9C 
      dilutions have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as highlighted on both 
      primary endothelial cells and murine microglial cells.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Laboratoires Boiron SA. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights 
      reserved.
FAU - Verre, Justine
AU  - Verre J
AD  - Laboratoires BOIRON, Research Department, 2 Avenue de l'Ouest Lyonnais, 69510, 
      Messimy, France. Electronic address: justine.verre@boiron.fr.
FAU - Boisson, Marie
AU  - Boisson M
AD  - Laboratoires BOIRON, Research Department, 2 Avenue de l'Ouest Lyonnais, 69510, 
      Messimy, France. Electronic address: marie.boisson@boiron.fr.
FAU - Paumier, Anne
AU  - Paumier A
AD  - Laboratoires BOIRON, Research Department, 2 Avenue de l'Ouest Lyonnais, 69510, 
      Messimy, France. Electronic address: anne.paumier@boiron.fr.
FAU - Tribolo, Sandra
AU  - Tribolo S
AD  - Laboratoires BOIRON, Research Department, 2 Avenue de l'Ouest Lyonnais, 69510, 
      Messimy, France. Electronic address: sandra.tribolo@boiron.fr.
FAU - Boujedaini, Naoual
AU  - Boujedaini N
AD  - Laboratoires BOIRON, Research Department, 2 Avenue de l'Ouest Lyonnais, 69510, 
      Messimy, France. Electronic address: naoual.boujedaini@gmail.fr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230819
PL  - Ireland
TA  - J Ethnopharmacol
JT  - Journal of ethnopharmacology
JID - 7903310
RN  - EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2)
RN  - 126547-89-5 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Biological Products)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - Animals
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Arnica
MH  - Cyclooxygenase 2
MH  - Endothelial Cells
MH  - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
MH  - Interleukin-6
MH  - Mothers
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
MH  - Plant Extracts/pharmacology
MH  - Inflammation/drug therapy
MH  - *Biological Products
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Arnica montana
OT  - Homeopathic dilution
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Inflammatory cell model
OT  - Mother tincture
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declared the following potential 
      conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or 
      publication of this paper. At the time of the study, all the authors were 
      employees of Laboratoires Boiron France-Messimy, pharmaceutical company producing 
      homeopathic medicines. This professional relationship does not imply any 
      misconduct on the part of the authors.
EDAT- 2023/08/21 00:41
MHDA- 2023/09/18 12:43
CRDT- 2023/08/20 19:24
PHST- 2023/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/08/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/18 12:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/21 00:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/20 19:24 [entrez]
AID - S0378-8741(23)00932-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117064 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 10;318(Pt B):117064. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117064. 
      Epub 2023 Aug 19.