PMID- 37604335 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231011 LR - 20231011 IS - 1879-1298 (Electronic) IS - 0045-6535 (Linking) VI - 340 DP - 2023 Nov TI - Physical and chemical characteristics of particles emitted by a passenger vehicle at the tire-road contact. PG - 139874 LID - S0045-6535(23)02143-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139874 [doi] AB - Non-exhaust emissions are now recognized as a significant source of atmospheric particulate matter and the trend towards a reduction of conventionally fueled internal combustion engine vehicles on the road is increasing their contribution to air pollution due to lower exhaust emissions. These particles include brake wear particles (BWP) and tire-road contact particles (TRCP), which are composed of tire wear particles (TWP), road wear particles (RWP) and resuspended road dust (RRD). The goal of this study has therefore been to design an original experimental approach to provide insight into the chemical composition of particles emitted at the tire-road contact, focusing on the micron (PM(10-1mum)) and submicron (PM(1-0.1mum)) fractions. Through this characterization, an examination of the different TRCP generated by different materials (tire, road surface, brake system) was conducted. To achieve this, TRCP were collected at the rear of the wheel of an instrumented vehicle during road and track tests, and a SEM-EDX analysis was performed. Our experimental conditions have allowed us to demonstrate that, at the individual particle scale, TRCP are consistently associated with road dust materials and particles solely composed of tire or road materials are practically non-existent. The contribution of BWP to TRCP is marked by the emission of Fe-rich particles, including heavy metals like Ba, Mn and Cr. TWP, which result from rubber abrasion, consist of C-rich particles abundant in Si, Zn, and S. RWP, mainly composed of Al, Si, Fe, and Ca, can be either part of RRD or internally mixed with emitted TWP. The findings of this study highlight the substantial role of RRD to TRCP emissions under real driving conditions. Consequently, it underscores the importance of examining them simultaneously to achieve a more accurate estimation of on-road traffic emissions beyond the vehicle exhaust. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Beji, Asma AU - Beji A AD - Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France; Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallee, France. FAU - Deboudt, Karine AU - Deboudt K AD - Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France. Electronic address: karine.deboudt@univ-littoral.fr. FAU - Muresan, Bogdan AU - Muresan B AD - Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallee, France. FAU - Khardi, Salah AU - Khardi S AD - University of Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, LaMCoS, UMR 5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France. FAU - Flament, Pascal AU - Flament P AD - Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France. FAU - Fourmentin, Marc AU - Fourmentin M AD - Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France. FAU - Lumiere, Laurence AU - Lumiere L AD - Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallee, France. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230819 PL - England TA - Chemosphere JT - Chemosphere JID - 0320657 RN - 0 (Dust) RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) RN - 9006-04-6 (Rubber) RN - 0 (Vehicle Emissions) SB - IM MH - *Air Pollution MH - Dust MH - Particulate Matter MH - Rubber MH - *Vehicle Emissions OTO - NOTNLM OT - Individual particle composition OT - Non-exhaust emission OT - Road dust OT - SEM-EDX OT - Tire-road wear particles COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2023/08/22 00:41 MHDA- 2023/09/11 06:43 CRDT- 2023/08/21 19:29 PHST- 2023/04/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/08/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/08/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/09/11 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/08/22 00:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/08/21 19:29 [entrez] AID - S0045-6535(23)02143-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139874 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chemosphere. 2023 Nov;340:139874. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139874. Epub 2023 Aug 19.