PMID- 37605676
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230823
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 7
DP  - 2023 Jul
TI  - Hyperhomocysteinemia and Accelerated Aging: The Pathogenic Role of Increased 
      Homocysteine in Atherosclerosis, Osteoporosis, and Neurodegeneration.
PG  - e42259
LID - 10.7759/cureus.42259 [doi]
LID - e42259
AB  - Cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, seemingly unrelated disorders that 
      occur with advanced age, share major pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to 
      accelerated atherosclerosis and bone loss. Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) is among 
      these mechanisms that can cause both vascular and bone disease. In its more 
      severe form, hHcy can present early in life as homocystinuria, an inborn error of 
      metabolic pathways of the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine. In its milder 
      forms, hHcy may go undiagnosed and untreated into adulthood. As such, hHcy may 
      serve as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, 
      thrombophilia, and neurodegeneration, collectively representing accelerated 
      aging. Multiple trials to lower cardiovascular risk and improve bone density with 
      homocysteine-lowering agents, yet none has proven to be clinically meaningful. To 
      understand this unmet clinical need, this review will provide mechanistic insight 
      into the pathogenesis of vascular and bone disease in hHcy, using homocystinuria 
      as a model for accelerated atherosclerosis and bone density loss, a model for 
      accelerated aging.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Alkaissi et al.
FAU - Alkaissi, Hussam
AU  - Alkaissi H
AD  - Internal Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA.
AD  - Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
AD  - Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 
      Brooklyn, USA.
FAU - McFarlane, Samy I
AU  - McFarlane SI
AD  - Endocrinology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230721
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10440097
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - accelerated aging
OT  - atherosclerosis
OT  - cardiovascular disease
OT  - classical homocystinuria
OT  - homocysteine metabolism
OT  - homocystinuria
OT  - hyperhomocysteinemia
OT  - osteoporosis
OT  - pathogenesis
OT  - thrombophilia
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/08/22 06:42
MHDA- 2023/08/22 06:43
PMCR- 2023/07/21
CRDT- 2023/08/22 03:38
PHST- 2023/07/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/08/22 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/22 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/22 03:38 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.42259 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 Jul 21;15(7):e42259. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42259. eCollection 2023 
      Jul.