PMID- 37606981 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240502 LR - 20240504 IS - 1462-0332 (Electronic) IS - 1462-0324 (Print) IS - 1462-0324 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 5 DP - 2024 May 2 TI - Characterizing the lavage and serum cytokine profiles of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features and their implications for progressive fibrosis. PG - 1230-1239 LID - 10.1093/rheumatology/kead409 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: To explore whether cytokines could be potential biomarkers to predict the occurrence of the progressive fibrosis (PF) phenotype among patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). METHODS: This study prospectively collected 51 IPAF and 15 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients who were diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from July 2020 to June 2021. All IPAF patients were followed up for 1 year to assess the development of PF phenotype. Paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples were collected at enrolment and analysed for differences in 39 cytokines expression. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were conducted to identify a subgroup of IPAF patients at high risk for developing the PF phenotype. Finally, cytokine differences were compared between subgroups to identify potential biomarkers for PF-IPAF occurrence. RESULTS: According to the PCA analysis, 81.25% of PF-IPAF patients share overlapped BALF cytokine profiles with IPF. Cluster analysis indicated that IPAF patients in subtype 2 had a higher risk of developing the PF phenotype within 1 year (P = 0.048), characterized by higher levels of CCL2 and CXCL12, and lower lymphocyte proportion (LYM%) in BALF. Elevated levels of BALF CCL2 (>299.16 pg/ml) or CXCL12 (>660.115 pg/ml) were associated with a significantly higher risk of developing PF phenotype within the 1-year follow-up period (P = 0.009, 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: PF-IPAF phenotype exhibits similar inflammatory cytokine profiles to IPF. Cytokine CCL2 and CXCL12, and LYM% in BALF serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the PF phenotype in IPAF patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Register: Qian Han, Website: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=61619, Registration number: ChiCTR2000040998. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. FAU - Zhang, Ziyi AU - Zhang Z AD - State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. FAU - Ma, Xiaoqian AU - Ma X AD - State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. FAU - Bai, Junye AU - Bai J AD - State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. FAU - Xia, Shu AU - Xia S AD - State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. FAU - Han, Qian AU - Han Q AD - State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. FAU - Luo, Qun AU - Luo Q AD - State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. LA - eng GR - 2021YFC2500702/National Key Research and Development/ PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Rheumatology (Oxford) JT - Rheumatology (Oxford, England) JID - 100883501 RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - *Cytokines/blood MH - *Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry/cytology/immunology MH - *Biomarkers/blood MH - *Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/blood/immunology MH - *Lung Diseases, Interstitial/immunology/blood MH - Prospective Studies MH - Disease Progression MH - Aged MH - Autoimmune Diseases/blood/immunology MH - Adult PMC - PMC11065445 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bronchoalveolar lavage fluid OT - inflammatory cytokine profiles OT - interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features OT - prognosis OT - progressive fibrosis EDAT- 2023/08/22 13:42 MHDA- 2024/05/02 18:46 PMCR- 2023/08/22 CRDT- 2023/08/22 11:56 PHST- 2023/04/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/07/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/05/02 18:46 [medline] PHST- 2023/08/22 13:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/08/22 11:56 [entrez] PHST- 2023/08/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 7247540 [pii] AID - kead409 [pii] AID - 10.1093/rheumatology/kead409 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024 May 2;63(5):1230-1239. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead409.