PMID- 37621219 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231113 LR - 20231122 IS - 2398-9238 (Electronic) IS - 2398-9238 (Linking) VI - 6 IP - 6 DP - 2023 Nov TI - Thyroid dysfunction and glycaemic control among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ghana: A comparative cross-sectional study. PG - e447 LID - 10.1002/edm2.447 [doi] LID - e447 AB - INTRODUCTION: Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus coexist and are prevalent endocrinopathies among adult population. Thyroid dysfunction contributes to metabolic imbalances, increase beta-cell apoptosis and glucose intolerance. There is paucity of data and contradicting findings on how thyroid dysfunction influence glycaemic control. Therefore, we evaluated thyroid dysfunction and glycaemic control among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Ghana. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 192 T2DM patients from Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital. Three consecutive monthly fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were analysed and the results were classified as, moderate hyperglycaemia (MH) (FBG = 6.1-12.0 mmol/L, HbA1c < 7%), severe hyperglycaemia (SH) (FBG >/= 12.1 mmol/L, HbA1c > 7%) and good glycaemic controls (GC) (FBG = 4.1-6.0 mmol/L, HbA1c < 7%). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), body mass index (BMI) and other clinical parameters were measured. Data analysis was done using R language version 4.0.2 and p < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age (years) between patients in the various glycaemic groups (p = .9053). The overall prevalence of thyroid disorders was 7.8% among T2DM patients. The prevalence of thyroid disorders was higher in patients with SH (11.7%) followed by those with MH (7.5%) and then those with GC (5.4%). Serum levels of TSH and FT3/FT4 ratio were significantly lower in T2DM patients with SH compared to those with MH and the GC (p < .0001). However, FT4 was significantly higher in SH patients compared to the good glycaemic controls (p < .01). The first tertiles of TSH [aOR = 10.51, 95% CI (4.04-17.36), p < .0001] and FT3 [aOR = 2.77, 95% CI (1.11-6.92), p = .0290] were significantly and independently associated with increased odds of hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is high in T2DM and increases with hyperglycaemia. Reduced TSH and T3 may worsen glycaemic control. Periodic monitoring of thyroid function should be incorporated into management guidelines among T2DM patients in Ghana. CI - (c) 2023 The Authors. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Sakyi, Samuel Asamoah AU - Sakyi SA AD - Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. FAU - Ameyaw, Bright AU - Ameyaw B AD - Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. AD - Laboratory Department, Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital, Western Region, Ghana. FAU - Laing, Edwin Ferguson AU - Laing EF AD - Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. FAU - Anthony, Richard AU - Anthony R AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital, Western Region, Ghana. FAU - Ephraim, Richard K Dadzie AU - Ephraim RKD AD - Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. FAU - Effah, Alfred AU - Effah A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7096-4652 AD - Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. FAU - Kwayie, Afia Agyapomaa AU - Kwayie AA AD - Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. FAU - Senu, Ebenezer AU - Senu E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2973-8952 AD - Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. FAU - Anto, Enoch Odame AU - Anto EO AD - School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia. FAU - Acheampong, Emmanuel AU - Acheampong E AD - Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. AD - School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia. FAU - Afranie, Bright Oppong AU - Afranie BO AD - Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. FAU - Amoani, Benjamin AU - Amoani B AD - Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. FAU - Opoku, Stephen AU - Opoku S AD - Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. AD - Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230825 PL - England TA - Endocrinol Diabetes Metab JT - Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism JID - 101732442 RN - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin) RN - 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Humans MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology MH - Thyroid Gland MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Thyroid Function Tests MH - Glycated Hemoglobin MH - Ghana/epidemiology MH - Glycemic Control MH - Thyrotropin MH - *Hyperglycemia/epidemiology/etiology PMC - PMC10638622 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Type 2 diabetes OT - endocrinopathies OT - glycaemic control OT - thyroid dysfunction OT - thyroid-stimulating hormone OT - thyroxine OT - triiodothyronine COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2023/08/25 06:42 MHDA- 2023/11/13 06:42 PMCR- 2023/08/25 CRDT- 2023/08/25 03:32 PHST- 2023/08/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/06/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/08/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/11/13 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/08/25 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/08/25 03:32 [entrez] PHST- 2023/08/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - EDM2447 [pii] AID - 10.1002/edm2.447 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2023 Nov;6(6):e447. doi: 10.1002/edm2.447. Epub 2023 Aug 25.