PMID- 37628101
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230828
IS  - 2304-8158 (Print)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Electronic)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 16
DP  - 2023 Aug 18
TI  - Analytical Method Optimization of Tetrodotoxin and Its Contamination in 
      Gastropods.
LID - 10.3390/foods12163103 [doi]
LID - 3103
AB  - Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an extremely potent marine biotoxin. An analytical method 
      was developed for both trace contamination and extremely high levels of TTX in 
      gastropods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with 
      clean-up of cation exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) in this study. The limit 
      of detection (LOD) in the sample matrix was 0.5 mug/kg. With the calibration of a 
      screened internal standard (validamycin, IS), the linear range was 0.1-100 ng/mL 
      (1.5-1500 mug/kg in sample matrix) with a correlation coefficient of r(2) > 0.999. 
      The average recoveries at three spiking levels (1.5 mug/kg, 44 mug/kg, and 1500 
      mug/kg) were 82.6-94.4% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. 
      TTX levels in seven gastropods (741 samples) were studied. The contamination and 
      analogues in Neverita didyma (N. didyma, 565 samples collected in Zhejiang 
      province, China, from 2016 to 2022) were first reported. The detection rate of 
      TTX in N. didyma was 34.2%. The average concentration was 23.1 mug/kg, and the 
      maximum value was 2327 mug/kg. The time distribution study indicated that high 
      contaminations of TTX occurred from May to August for N. didyma.
FAU - Han, Jian-Long
AU  - Han JL
AD  - Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, 
      China.
FAU - Zhang, Lei
AU  - Zhang L
AD  - China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100026, China.
FAU - Zhou, Ping-Ping
AU  - Zhou PP
AD  - China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100026, China.
FAU - Xu, Jiao-Jiao
AU  - Xu JJ
AD  - Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, 
      China.
FAU - Pan, Xiao-Dong
AU  - Pan XD
AD  - Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, 
      China.
FAU - Cao, Pei
AU  - Cao P
AD  - China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100026, China.
FAU - Xu, Xiao-Min
AU  - Xu XM
AD  - Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, 
      China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2021KY615/Science Research Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Medicine and Health 
      Program/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230818
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Foods
JT  - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101670569
PMC - PMC10453083
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Neverita didyma
OT  - cation exchange clean-up
OT  - gastropods
OT  - liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
OT  - tetrodotoxin
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/08/26 10:41
MHDA- 2023/08/26 10:42
PMCR- 2023/08/18
CRDT- 2023/08/26 01:10
PHST- 2023/07/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/08/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/08/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/08/26 10:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/26 10:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/26 01:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/08/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - foods12163103 [pii]
AID - foods-12-03103 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/foods12163103 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Foods. 2023 Aug 18;12(16):3103. doi: 10.3390/foods12163103.