PMID- 37647319
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230901
LR  - 20230905
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 8
DP  - 2023
TI  - The molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus 
      pseudintermedius canine clinical isolates submitted to a veterinary diagnostic 
      laboratory in South Africa.
PG  - e0290645
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0290645 [doi]
LID - e0290645
AB  - Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an important cause of clinical infections in 
      small-animal-veterinary medicine. Evolutionary changes of strains using 
      multilocus sequence typing (MLST) have been observed among S. pseudintermedius in 
      European countries and the United States. However, there are limited or no 
      studies on the detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius 
      (MRSP) and predominating MLST strains in South Africa. Therefore, this study 
      aimed to determine the molecular epidemiology of S. pseudintermedius in South 
      Africa. Twenty-six, non-duplicate, clinical isolates from dogs were obtained as 
      convenience samples from four provinces in South Africa. The Kirby Bauer disk 
      diffusion test was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. We used 
      Resfinder and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to detect 
      antimicrobial resistance genes. Virulence genes were identified using the 
      virulence factor database and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTN) on 
      Geneious prime. geoBURST analysis was used to study relationships between MLST. 
      Finally, the maximum likelihood phylogeny was determined using Randomized 
      Axelerated Maximum Likelihood (RAxML). Twenty-three isolates were confirmed as S. 
      pseudintermedius of which 14 were MRSP. In addition to beta-lactam antimicrobials, 
      MRSP isolates were resistant to tetracycline (85.7%), doxycycline (92.8%), 
      kanamycin (92.8%), and gentamicin (85.7%). The isolates harbored antimicrobial 
      resistance genes (tetM, ermB, drfG, cat, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, and 
      aph(3')-III) and virulence genes (AdsA, geh, icaA, and lip). MLST analysis showed 
      that ST2228, ST2229, ST2230, ST2231, ST2232, ST2318, ST2326 and ST2327 are unique 
      sequence types in South Africa. Whereas, previously reported major STs including 
      ST45, ST71, ST181, ST551 and ST496 were also detected. The geoBURST and 
      phylogenetic analysis suggests that the isolates in South Africa are likely 
      genetically related to isolates identified in other countries. Highly resistant 
      MRSP strains (ST496, ST71, and ST45) were reported that could present challenges 
      in the treatment of canine infections in South Africa. Hence, we have gained a 
      better understanding of the epidemiology of MRSP in the African continent, the 
      genes involved in resistance and virulence factors associated with these 
      organisms.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2023 Phophi et al. This is an open access article distributed under 
      the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted 
      use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author 
      and source are credited.
FAU - Phophi, Lufuno
AU  - Phophi L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4378-2976
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 
      College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
FAU - Abouelkhair, Mohamed
AU  - Abouelkhair M
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 
      College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
FAU - Jones, Rebekah
AU  - Jones R
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 
      College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
FAU - Henton, Maryke
AU  - Henton M
AD  - Vetdiagnostix Veterinary Pathology Services, Midrand, Gauteng, South Africa.
FAU - Qekwana, Daniel N
AU  - Qekwana DN
AD  - Faculty of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, 
      University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
FAU - Kania, Stephen A
AU  - Kania SA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4490-7347
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 
      College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230830
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
SB  - IM
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Animals
MH  - Molecular Epidemiology
MH  - *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH  - South Africa/epidemiology
MH  - *Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MH  - Multilocus Sequence Typing
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
PMC - PMC10468042
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/08/30 18:42
MHDA- 2023/09/01 06:43
PMCR- 2023/08/30
CRDT- 2023/08/30 13:35
PHST- 2023/02/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/08/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/01 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/30 18:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/30 13:35 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/08/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-23-05150 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0290645 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2023 Aug 30;18(8):e0290645. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290645. 
      eCollection 2023.