PMID- 37648175 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231030 LR - 20231030 IS - 1096-1208 (Electronic) IS - 0882-4010 (Linking) VI - 184 DP - 2023 Nov TI - Enhancing defense against rice blast disease: Unveiling the role of leaf endophytic firmicutes in antifungal antibiosis and induced systemic resistance. PG - 106326 LID - S0882-4010(23)00359-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106326 [doi] AB - Rice remains the primary staple for more than half of the world's population, yet its cultivation faces numerous challenges, including both biotic and abiotic stresses. One significant obstacle is the prevalence of rice blast disease, which substantially diminishes productivity and increases cultivation costs due to frequent fungicide applications. Consequently, the presence of fungicide residues in rice raises concerns about compliance with international maximum residue limits (MRLs). While host resistance has proven effective, it often remains vulnerable to new variants of the Magnaporthe oryzae pathogen. Therefore, there is a critical need to explore innovative management strategies that can complement or enhance existing methods. An unexplored avenue involves harnessing endophytic bacterial communities. To this end, the present study investigates the potential of eleven endophytic Bacillus spp. in suppressing Pyricularia oryzae, promoting plant growth, and eliciting a defense response through phyllobacterization. The results indicate that the secreted metabolome and volatilome of seven tested isolates demonstrate inhibitory effects against P.oryzae, ranging from a minimum of 40% to a maximum of 70%. Bacillus siamensis L34, B. amyloliquefaciens RA37, B. velezensis L12, and B. subtilis B18 produce antifungal antibiotics targeting P.oryzae. Additionally, B. subtilis S4 and B. subtilis S6 emerge as excellent inducers of systemic resistance against blast disease, as evidenced by elevated activity of biochemical defense enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and total phenol content. However, a balance between primary metabolic activity (e.g., chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic rate) and defense activity is observed. Furthermore, specific endophytic Bacillus spp. significantly stimulates defense-related genes, including OsPAD4, OsFMO1, and OsEDS1. These findings underscore the multifaceted potential of endophytic Bacillus in managing blast disease through antibiosis and induced systemic resistance. In conclusion, this study highlights the promising role of endophytic Bacillus spp. as a viable option for blast disease management. Their ability to inhibit the pathogen and induce systemic resistance makes them a valuable addition to the existing strategies. However, it is crucial to consider the trade-off between primary metabolic activity and defense response when implementing these bacteria-based approaches. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Velmurugan, Shanmugam AU - Velmurugan S AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Ashajyothi, Mushineni AU - Ashajyothi M AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Charishma, Krishnappa AU - Charishma K AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Kumar, Shanu AU - Kumar S AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Balamurugan, Alexander AU - Balamurugan A AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Javed, Mohammed AU - Javed M AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Karwa, Sourabh AU - Karwa S AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Prakash, Ganesan AU - Prakash G AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Subramanian, S AU - Subramanian S AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Gogoi, Robin AU - Gogoi R AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Eke, Pierre AU - Eke P AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. FAU - Kumar, Aundy AU - Kumar A AD - ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. Electronic address: kumar@iari.res.in. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230828 PL - England TA - Microb Pathog JT - Microbial pathogenesis JID - 8606191 RN - 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll) RN - 0 (Fungicides, Industrial) RN - Pyricularia oryzae SB - IM MH - Antibiosis MH - Bacteria MH - Chlorophyll/metabolism MH - Disease Resistance/genetics MH - Firmicutes MH - *Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology MH - Magnaporthe MH - *Oryza/microbiology MH - Plant Diseases/microbiology MH - Plant Leaves/metabolism MH - Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antagonism OT - Bacillus OT - Defense gene OT - Endophytes OT - Firmicutes OT - Magnaporthe OT - Peroxidase OT - Polyphenol oxidase COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors of the manuscript "Enhancing Defense Against Rice Blast Disease: Unveiling the Role of Leaf Endophytic Firmicutes in Antifungal Antibiosis and Induced Systemic Resistance" declare that they have no conflict of interest while submitting the work for publication in this journal. EDAT- 2023/08/31 00:41 MHDA- 2023/10/30 06:46 CRDT- 2023/08/30 19:24 PHST- 2023/07/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/08/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/08/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/10/30 06:46 [medline] PHST- 2023/08/31 00:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/08/30 19:24 [entrez] AID - S0882-4010(23)00359-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106326 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Microb Pathog. 2023 Nov;184:106326. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106326. Epub 2023 Aug 28.