PMID- 37653839
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230905
IS  - 2223-7747 (Print)
IS  - 2223-7747 (Electronic)
IS  - 2223-7747 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 May 9
TI  - Study of Mineral Composition and Quality of Fruit Using Vascular Restrictions in 
      Branches of Sweet Cherry.
LID - 10.3390/plants12101922 [doi]
LID - 1922
AB  - Calcium (Ca) and carbohydrate (CHO) supply in sweet cherry have been associated 
      with fruit quality at harvest and during storage. There is little published 
      information integrating CHO and Ca availability and distribution in sweet cherry 
      and their effects on fruit quality. Accordingly, in the 2019-20 season, vascular 
      restrictions were imposed on the phloem (girdling, G, stopping phloem flow) and 
      xylem (transverse incision, S, cutting 50% of xylem cross-section area) of 
      individual vertical branches of the sweet cherry combination 'Lapins'/Colt 
      trained as Kym Green Bush system to modify mineral and CHO composition in fruit 
      and associate such changes with quality at harvest and storage. The girdling to 
      the phloem was used to induce changes in CHO distribution. The transverse 
      incision to the xylem was a tool to modify Ca distribution. Five treatments (TR) 
      were implemented: TR1-CTL = Control (without vascular restriction), TR2-G, at its 
      base, TR3-G + G: at its base, and G further up at the change of year between the 
      second and the third years of growth TR4--S and TR5-S + G. The vegetative (i.e., 
      shoot and leaf growth), reproductive (i.e., fruit set and yield) development and 
      stomatal conductance were monitored. Each branch was divided into the upper 
      (1-and 2-year-old wood) and the lower (3-and 4-year-old wood) segments of the 
      restriction applied. The quality and mineral composition (Ca, Mg, K, and N) of 
      fruit borne on each segment were measured at harvest. The upper segment of TR3-G 
      + G branches were harvested 10 d before the lower segment. The fruit from the 
      upper segment of TR3-G + G was the largest, the sweetest, and had the higher 
      titratable acidity concentration. However, fruits of this segment were the 
      softest, had the lowest Ca concentrations, and had the highest ratios of N:Ca and 
      K:Ca, compared with the other TRs. TR3-G + G branches developed the highest 
      number of lateral current season shoots including shoots below the second 
      girdling in the lower segment of the branch. This vegetative flow of growth would 
      explain the mineral unbalance produced in the fruit from the upper segment of the 
      branch. TR2-G did not register changes in fruit quality and mineral concentration 
      compared with TR1-CTL. Surprisingly, the fruit from the branches with xylem 
      restriction did not show changes in Ca concentration, suggesting that the xylem 
      stream was enough to supply the fruit in branches without lateral shoot 
      development. Fruit firmness was positively related to fruit Ca concentration and 
      negatively related to the ratios of K:Ca and N:Ca.
FAU - Quiroz, Maria Paz
AU  - Quiroz MP
AD  - Departmatento de Fruticultura y Enologia, Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria 
      Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago P.O. Box 78204360, 
      Chile.
FAU - Blanco, Victor
AU  - Blanco V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6649-3176
AD  - Department of Horticulture, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington 
      State University, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA.
FAU - Zoffoli, Juan Pablo
AU  - Zoffoli JP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0455-8477
AD  - Departmatento de Fruticultura y Enologia, Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria 
      Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago P.O. Box 78204360, 
      Chile.
FAU - Ayala, Marlene
AU  - Ayala M
AD  - Departmatento de Fruticultura y Enologia, Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria 
      Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago P.O. Box 78204360, 
      Chile.
LA  - eng
GR  - 1181939/Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230509
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Plants (Basel)
JT  - Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101596181
PMC - PMC10223680
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CHO
OT  - calcium
OT  - fruit firmness
OT  - girdling
OT  - phloem
OT  - source-sink
OT  - xylem
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/09/01 06:43
MHDA- 2023/09/01 06:44
PMCR- 2023/05/09
CRDT- 2023/09/01 01:45
PHST- 2022/12/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/01/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/01 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/01 06:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/01 01:45 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/05/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - plants12101922 [pii]
AID - plants-12-01922 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/plants12101922 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Plants (Basel). 2023 May 9;12(10):1922. doi: 10.3390/plants12101922.