PMID- 37656258 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231102 LR - 20231102 IS - 1615-7605 (Electronic) IS - 1615-7591 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 11 DP - 2023 Nov TI - Degradation of 2,4-DCP by immobilized laccase on modified biochar carrier. PG - 1591-1611 LID - 10.1007/s00449-023-02922-0 [doi] AB - Rape straw was used as the raw material for the biochar in this study, which was then changed using acid, alkali, and magnetic techniques. The laccase was attached using the adsorptions-crosslinking process, and the three modified biochars served as the carriers. The ideal circumstances for laccase immobilization were explored, and both biochar and immobilized laccase's characteristics were examined. The removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by immobilized laccase from modified biochar and its degradation products were researched. The main conclusions are as follows: the optimal concentration of glutaraldehyde (GLU) was 4%, and the pH was four, and the enzyme dosage was 1.75 mg/mL for the immobilized laccase of acid-modified biochar (SBC@LAC). The optimal concentration of GLU was 5%; the pH was four, and the enzyme dosage was 2 mg/mL for immobilized laccase from alkali-modified biochar (JBC@LAC). The optimal concentration of GLU was 5%; the pH was four, and the enzyme dosage was 1.75 mg/mL for immobilized laccase from magnetically modified biochar (CBC@LAC). SEM images could show the changes in the surface morphology of biochar caused by three modification methods. The BET results demonstrated that acid and magnetic modification increased the specific surface area of biochar, and alkali modification mainly expanded the pore size of biochar. FT-IR and XRD showed that modification and laccase loading had little effect on the structure of biochar. The stability of immobilized laccase was better than that of free laccase in acid-base, heat, and storage. Among the three modified biochar immobilized laccases, JBC@LAC showed the best acid-base stability and thermal stability, and the relative enzyme activity changed the least when pH and temperature conditions changed. The storage stability of SBC@LAC is the best. After 30 days of storage, the relative enzyme activity is still 83%. The removal rates of 2,4-DCP were 57, 99, and 63%, respectively, by SBC@LAC, JBC@LAC, and CBC@LAC. After five reuses, the removal rates of 2,4-DCP by SBC@LAC, JBC@LAC and CBC@LAC were 26, 42, and 27%, respectively. The intermediate products of 2,4-DCP degradation by immobilized laccase were p-phenol, p-benzoquinone and maleic acid. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. FAU - Xie, Junfeng AU - Xie J AD - College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China. AD - Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China. FAU - Ren, Dajun AU - Ren D AD - College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China. flexer@wust.edu.cn. AD - Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China. flexer@wust.edu.cn. FAU - Li, Zihang AU - Li Z AD - College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China. AD - Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China. FAU - Zhang, Xiaoqing AU - Zhang X AD - College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China. AD - Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China. FAU - Zhang, Shuqin AU - Zhang S AD - College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China. AD - Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China. FAU - Chen, Wangsheng AU - Chen W AD - College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China. AD - Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China. LA - eng GR - Grant No. 2020ZYYD019/Hubei Technological Innovation Special Fund/ GR - Grant No. 2020020601012274/Wuhan Science and Technology Planning Project/ GR - Grant No. 41571306/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - Grant No. T2020002/Hubei Provincial Department of Education/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230901 PL - Germany TA - Bioprocess Biosyst Eng JT - Bioprocess and biosystems engineering JID - 101088505 RN - EC 1.10.3.2 (Laccase) RN - 0 (biochar) RN - 0 (Enzymes, Immobilized) RN - 0 (Alkalies) SB - IM MH - *Laccase/chemistry MH - *Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry MH - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared MH - Alkalies OTO - NOTNLM OT - 2,4-DCP OT - Biochar OT - Enzyme properties OT - Immobilized laccase OT - Modification EDAT- 2023/09/01 12:43 MHDA- 2023/11/02 12:42 CRDT- 2023/09/01 11:10 PHST- 2023/05/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/08/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/11/02 12:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/09/01 12:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/09/01 11:10 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00449-023-02922-0 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00449-023-02922-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2023 Nov;46(11):1591-1611. doi: 10.1007/s00449-023-02922-0. Epub 2023 Sep 1.