PMID- 37659276
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230919
LR  - 20230919
IS  - 1879-2057 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-4575 (Linking)
VI  - 192
DP  - 2023 Nov
TI  - Evasive actions to prevent pedestrian collisions in varying space/time contexts 
      in diverse urban and non-urban areas.
PG  - 107270
LID - S0001-4575(23)00317-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107270 [doi]
AB  - This study aims to identify driver-safe evasive actions associated with 
      pedestrian crash risk in diverse urban and non-urban areas. The research focuses 
      on the integration of quantitative methods and granular naturalistic data to 
      examine the impacts of different driving contexts on transportation system 
      performance, safety, and reliability. The data is derived from real-life driving 
      encounters between pedestrians and drivers in various settings, including urban 
      areas (UAs), suburban areas (SUAs), marked crossing areas (MCAs), and unmarked 
      crossing areas (UMCAs). By determining critical thresholds of spatial/temporal 
      proximity-based safety surrogate techniques, vehicle-pedestrian conflicts are 
      clustered through a K-means algorithm into different risk levels based on 
      drivers' evasive actions in different areas. The results of the data analysis 
      indicate that changing lanes is the key evasive action employed by drivers to 
      avoid pedestrian crashes in SUAs and UMCAs, while in UAs and MCAs, drivers rely 
      on soft evasive actions, such as deceleration. Moreover, critical thresholds for 
      several Safety Surrogate Measures (SSMs) reveal similar conflict patterns between 
      SUAs and UMCAs, as well as between UAs and MCAs. Furthermore, this study develops 
      and delivers a pseudo-code algorithm that utilizes the critical thresholds of 
      SSMs to provide tangible guidance on the appropriate evasive actions for drivers 
      in different space/time contexts, aiming to prevent collisions with pedestrians. 
      The developed research methodology as well as the outputs of this study could be 
      potentially useful for the development of a driver support and assistance system 
      in the future.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sheykhfard, Abbas
AU  - Sheykhfard A
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 
      Mazandaran 4714871167, Iran. Electronic address: A.Sheykhfard@nit.ac.ir.
FAU - Haghighi, Farshidreza
AU  - Haghighi F
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 
      Mazandaran 4714871167, Iran. Electronic address: Haghighi@nit.ac.ir.
FAU - Das, Subasish
AU  - Das S
AD  - Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 77866, United 
      States. Electronic address: subasish@txstate.edu.
FAU - Fountas, Grigorios
AU  - Fountas G
AD  - Department of Transportation and Hydraulic Engineering, School of Rural and 
      Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, 
      Greece. Electronic address: gfountas@topo.auth.gr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230831
PL  - England
TA  - Accid Anal Prev
JT  - Accident; analysis and prevention
JID - 1254476
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Pedestrians
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Data Analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Driver behavior
OT  - Evasive action
OT  - Pedestrian crossing
OT  - Safety
OT  - Surrogate safety measure
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/09/03 00:41
MHDA- 2023/09/19 06:42
CRDT- 2023/09/02 18:08
PHST- 2023/06/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/08/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/19 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/03 00:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/02 18:08 [entrez]
AID - S0001-4575(23)00317-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107270 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov;192:107270. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107270. Epub 2023 
      Aug 31.