PMID- 37661696
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231102
LR  - 20231104
IS  - 1943-4936 (Electronic)
IS  - 1040-6387 (Print)
IS  - 1040-6387 (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Nov
TI  - Visualizing neutrophil extracellular traps in septic equine synovial and 
      peritoneal fluid samples using immunofluorescence microscopy.
PG  - 751-760
LID - 10.1177/10406387231196552 [doi]
AB  - Septic synovitis and peritonitis are routinely diagnosed in horses based on 
      clinical examination findings and laboratory assessment of synoviocentesis and 
      abdominocentesis samples, respectively. Diagnosis is difficult in some cases 
      because of an overlap in laboratory results for septic and non-septic 
      inflammation. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is part of the innate 
      immune response against pathogens. Identifying and quantifying NETs, which have 
      not been explored in clinical samples from horses with septic synovitis and 
      peritonitis, to our knowledge, may be helpful in detecting infectious processes. 
      Our main objective was to determine whether NETs could be visualized in septic 
      equine synovial and peritoneal fluid cytology samples using immunofluorescence 
      with antibodies against citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3) and myeloperoxidase 
      (MPO). We analyzed 9 synovial and 4 peritoneal fluid samples. NET percentages 
      were quantified using a simple counting technique, which is suitable for 
      high-quality, well-preserved, and stained cytospin smears. NETs were evident in 
      all septic samples and were absent in a non-septic sample; NETs were better 
      visualized with Cit-H3 than with MPO immunolabeling. Overall, we believe that 
      there is the potential for NETs and associated markers to be used to investigate 
      and understand septic inflammation in horses.
FAU - Birckhead, Emily M
AU  - Birckhead EM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4867-2474
AD  - School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science 
      and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Das, Shubhagata
AU  - Das S
AD  - School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science 
      and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Tidd, Naomie
AU  - Tidd N
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 
      Australia.
FAU - Raidal, Sharanne L
AU  - Raidal SL
AD  - School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science 
      and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Raidal, Shane R
AU  - Raidal SR
AD  - School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science 
      and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230903
PL  - United States
TA  - J Vet Diagn Invest
JT  - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the 
      American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
JID - 9011490
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Horses
MH  - *Extracellular Traps
MH  - Ascitic Fluid
MH  - *Synovitis/veterinary
MH  - Inflammation/veterinary
MH  - *Peritonitis/veterinary
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence/veterinary
MH  - Neutrophils
MH  - Synovial Fluid
MH  - *Horse Diseases/diagnosis
PMC - PMC10621558
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - NETs
OT  - histones
OT  - horses
OT  - immunofluorescence
OT  - infection
OT  - peritoneal fluid
OT  - synovial fluid
COIS- Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no conflicts of interest 
      with respect to the research, authorship, or publication of this article.
EDAT- 2023/09/04 06:42
MHDA- 2023/11/02 12:44
PMCR- 2023/09/03
CRDT- 2023/09/04 02:33
PHST- 2023/11/02 12:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/04 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/04 02:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/09/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_10406387231196552 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/10406387231196552 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Vet Diagn Invest. 2023 Nov;35(6):751-760. doi: 10.1177/10406387231196552. Epub 
      2023 Sep 3.