PMID- 37674551
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230908
IS  - 1664-0640 (Print)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2023
TI  - The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use 
      disorder among adult males: a randomized controlled trial comparing with 
      acceptance and commitment therapy and treatment as usual.
PG  - 1215963
LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1215963 [doi]
LID - 1215963
AB  - BACKGROUND: This multicenter, three-armed, parallel, single-blind randomized 
      controlled trial (RCT) primarily aims to compare the efficacy of virtual reality 
      exposure therapy (VRET) with that of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and 
      treatment as usual (TAU) to depreciate the degree of alcohol craving among 
      alcohol use disorder patients who have undergone in-patient detoxification across 
      four timelines (t(0) = baseline prior to intervention, t(1) = 4 weeks after 
      baseline, t(2) = 12 weeks after baseline, and t(3) = 24 weeks after baseline). 
      The secondary aims of this RCT are to compare the efficacy of VRET with that of 
      ACT and TAU to alleviate the severity of alcohol use disorder, dissipate comorbid 
      depressive and anxiety symptoms, and normalize event-related potential (ERP) in 
      electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring across the four timelines. METHODS: 
      Initially, after 2 weeks of in-patient detoxification, 120 patients with alcohol 
      use disorder will be randomized into three groups (VRET, ACT, and TAU control 
      groups) via stratified permuted block randomization in a 1:1:1 ratio. Baseline 
      assessment (t(0)) commences, whereby all the participants will be administered 
      with sociodemographic, clinical, and alcohol use characteristics questionnaire, 
      such as Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Penn Alcohol Craving 
      Scale (PACS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression 
      Rating Scale (HAM-D), while event-related potential (ERP) detection in 
      electroencephalogram (EEG) will also be carried out. Then, 4 weeks of VRET, ACT, 
      and non-therapeutic supportive activities will be conducted in the three 
      respective groups. For the subsequent three assessment timelines (t(1), t(2), and 
      t(3)), the alcohol use characteristic questionnaire, such as AUDIT, PACS, HAM-D, 
      HAM-A, and ERP monitoring, will be re-administered to all participants. 
      DISCUSSION: As data on the effects of non-pharmacological interventions, such as 
      VRET and ACT, on the treatment of alcohol craving and preventing relapse in 
      alcohol use disorder are lacking, this RCT fills the research gap by providing 
      these important data to treating clinicians. If proven efficacious, the efficacy 
      of VRET and ACT for the treatment of other substance use disorders should also be 
      investigated in future. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05841823 
      (ClinicalTrials.gov).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Deng, Zhang, Wang, Zhang, Wang, Wang, Zhang, Shari and Leong Bin 
      Abdullah.
FAU - Deng, Hongdu
AU  - Deng H
AD  - Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti 
      Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
AD  - Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
FAU - Zhang, Ruiling
AU  - Zhang R
AD  - Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
FAU - Wang, Chuansheng
AU  - Wang C
AD  - Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
FAU - Zhang, Bingyu
AU  - Zhang B
AD  - Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti 
      Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
AD  - Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
FAU - Wang, Jiali
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
FAU - Wang, Shilin
AU  - Wang S
AD  - Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
FAU - Zhang, Jie
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
FAU - Shari, Nurul Izzah
AU  - Shari NI
AD  - School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences 
      and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
FAU - Leong Bin Abdullah, Mohammad Farris Iman
AU  - Leong Bin Abdullah MFI
AD  - Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti 
      Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05841823
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230822
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychiatry
JT  - Frontiers in psychiatry
JID - 101545006
PMC - PMC10477784
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - acceptance and commitment therapy
OT  - alcohol use disorder
OT  - craving
OT  - randomized controlled trial
OT  - virtual reality exposure therapy
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/09/07 06:42
MHDA- 2023/09/07 06:43
PMCR- 2023/08/22
CRDT- 2023/09/07 03:59
PHST- 2023/05/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/07 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/07 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/07 03:59 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/08/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1215963 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychiatry. 2023 Aug 22;14:1215963. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1215963. 
      eCollection 2023.