PMID- 37700124
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231023
LR  - 20231023
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 47
DP  - 2023 Oct
TI  - Biodiesel production from Mastic oil via electrolytic transesterification: 
      optimization using response surface methodology and engine test.
PG  - 104100-104115
LID - 10.1007/s11356-023-29615-1 [doi]
AB  - This study aimed to synthesize the biodiesel from Mastic oil by electrolysis 
      method. Mastic gum is a potential and inexpensive feedstock for the biodiesel 
      production. The oil content of Mastic gum was ~ 20% of the total gum weight. The 
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was exploited to measure 
      the oil's fatty acid profile. The response surface methodology (RSM) via 
      Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to specify the best processing condition of 
      the electrolytic transesterification process. According to the RSM-BBD results, 
      the highest predicted biodiesel yield was 95% at the reaction time of 1 h, 
      methanol to oil ratio of 4:1, and catalyst weight of 1.2 wt%. Under these 
      conditions, the produced Mastic oil biodiesel was blended with the neat diesel at 
      different volume ratios of 5:95 (B5), 10:90 (B10), and 15:85 (B15). These fuel 
      mixtures were tested in a single-cylinder engine to assess engine performance and 
      exhaust emissions. The experiments exhibited that blending biodiesel with diesel 
      can slightly improve the engine performance. Moreover, the application of blends 
      with high volumes of biodiesel decreased the exhaust emissions, such as carbon 
      monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) by 54.54%, 
      41%, and 39.3%, respectively. However, the nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emission 
      increased because of the higher oxygen content of the biodiesel. It was also 
      found that the physical and chemical characteristics of the Mastic oil biodiesel 
      are the same as diesel, consistent with the ASTM standard. The Fourier transform 
      infrared (FTIR) analysis also confirmed the biodiesel production.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Helmi, Maryam
AU  - Helmi M
AD  - School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and 
      Technology, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Sobati, Mohammad Amin
AU  - Sobati MA
AD  - School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and 
      Technology, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Hemmati, Alireza
AU  - Hemmati A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5739-5344
AD  - School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and 
      Technology, Tehran, Iran. alireza_hemmati@iust.ac.ir.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230912
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Biofuels)
RN  - 0 (Mastic Resin)
RN  - 0 (Nitrogen Oxides)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
RN  - 0 (Gasoline)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Biofuels/analysis
MH  - Mastic Resin
MH  - *Nitrogen Oxides/analysis
MH  - Nitric Oxide/analysis
MH  - Hydrocarbons/analysis
MH  - Vehicle Emissions/analysis
MH  - Gasoline/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Box-Behnken design
OT  - Electrolysis method
OT  - Engine performance
OT  - Exhaust emissions
OT  - Non-vegetable oil
OT  - Transesterification reaction
EDAT- 2023/09/13 00:41
MHDA- 2023/10/23 00:41
CRDT- 2023/09/12 23:33
PHST- 2022/11/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/08/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/23 00:41 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/13 00:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/12 23:33 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-29615-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-29615-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Oct;30(47):104100-104115. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-023-29615-1. Epub 2023 Sep 12.