PMID- 37716676 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231115 LR - 20231115 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 905 DP - 2023 Dec 20 TI - Associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and green space with reproductive hormones among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology: A longitudinal study. PG - 166941 LID - S0048-9697(23)05566-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166941 [doi] AB - Studies investigating the association between long-term exposure to air pollution (AP)/green space and female reproductive hormones are still limited. Furthermore, their interactive effects remain unclear. Our study sought to explore the separate and interactive impacts of AP/green space on reproductive hormones among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. We measured estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the longitudinal assisted reproduction cohort in Anhui, China. The annual mean concentrations of air pollutants were calculated at the residential level. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 500-m represented green space exposure. To assess the effect of AP/green space on hormones, we employed multivariable linear mixed-effect models. Our results showed that each one-interquartile range (IQR) increment in particulate matter (PM(2.5) and PM(10)) and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) was associated with -0.03[-0.05, -0.01], -0.03[-0.05, -0.02], and -0.03[-0.05, -0.01] decrease in P. An IQR increase in PM(2.5), PM(10), SO(2), and carbon monoxide (CO) was associated with a -0.16[-0.17, -0.15], -0.15[-0.16, -0.14], -0.15[-0.16, -0.14], and -0.12[-0.13, -0.11] decrease in T and a -0.31[-0.35, -0.27], -0.30[-0.34, -0.26], -0.26[-0.30, -0.22], and -0.21[-0.25, -0.17] decrease in FSH. Conversely, NDVI(500-m) was associated with higher levels of P, T, and FSH, with beta of 0.05[0.02, 0.08], 0.06[0.04, 0.08], and 0.07[0.00, 0.14]. Moreover, we observed the "U" or "J" exposure-response curves between PM(2.5), PM(10), and SO(2) concentrations and E2 and P levels, as well as "inverted-J" curves between NDVI(500-m) and T and FSH levels. Furthermore, we found statistically significant interactions of SO(2) and NDVI(500-m) on E2 and P as well as CO and NDVI(500-m) on E2. These findings indicated that green space might mitigate the negative effects of SO(2) on E2 and P, as well as the effect of CO on E2. Future research is needed to determine these findings and underlying mechanisms. CI - Copyright (c) 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V. FAU - Fang, Lanlan AU - Fang L AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Ma, Cong AU - Ma C AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China. FAU - Ma, Yubo AU - Ma Y AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Zhao, Hui AU - Zhao H AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Peng, Yongzheng AU - Peng Y AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Wang, Guosheng AU - Wang G AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Chen, Yuting AU - Chen Y AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Zhang, Tao AU - Zhang T AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Xu, Shanshan AU - Xu S AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Cai, Guoqi AU - Cai G AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. FAU - Cao, Yunxia AU - Cao Y AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China. Electronic address: caoyunxia5972@ahmu.edu.cn. FAU - Pan, Faming AU - Pan F AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. Electronic address: famingpan@ahmu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230915 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 0 (Air Pollutants) RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) RN - 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone) RN - 9002-68-0 (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) RN - S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dioxide) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Parks, Recreational MH - *Air Pollution/analysis MH - *Air Pollutants/analysis MH - Particulate Matter/analysis MH - Reproduction MH - Progesterone MH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone MH - Environmental Exposure/analysis MH - Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis OTO - NOTNLM OT - Air pollution OT - Female reproductive hormones OT - Green space OT - Interaction effect OT - Separate effect COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2023/09/17 00:41 MHDA- 2023/11/15 06:43 CRDT- 2023/09/16 19:18 PHST- 2023/06/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/09/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/09/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/11/15 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/09/17 00:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/09/16 19:18 [entrez] AID - S0048-9697(23)05566-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166941 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 20;905:166941. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166941. Epub 2023 Sep 15.