PMID- 37722476
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231026
LR  - 20231112
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 337
DP  - 2023 Nov 15
TI  - Interaction of fluorene and its analogs with high-density polyethylene 
      microplastics: An assessment of the adsorption mechanism to establish the effects 
      of heteroatoms in the molecule.
PG  - 122573
LID - S0269-7491(23)01575-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122573 [doi]
AB  - The threat of microplastics (MP) pollution in aquatic ecosystems can be even more 
      severe for they are able to interact with organic pollutants that can migrate to 
      adjacent environments. The presence of heteroatoms in organic pollutants can 
      directly influence adsorption onto MP. This research evaluated the adsorption of 
      fluorene (FLN) and its heteroatom analogs dibenzothiophene (DBT), dibenzofuran 
      (DBF) and carbazole (CBZ) onto high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MP from residual 
      (HDPE(res)) and commercial (HDPE(com)) sources. The Langmuir isotherm showed a 
      better fit, while DBT showed higher maximum adsorption capacity (19.2 and 
      15.8 mumol g(-1)) followed by FLN (13.4 and 11.7 mumol g(-1)), and DBF (13.5 and 
      10.3 mumol g(-1)) to the HDPE(com) and HDPE(res,) respectively, which indicates a 
      direct correlation with the hydrophobicity of the molecules determined by Log 
      K(ow). In contrast, CBZ showed no significant interaction with MP, due to their 
      polar characteristic, thus, no kinetic and thermodynamic parameters could be 
      determined. The adsorption process of all PAH was determined to be exothermic and 
      spontaneous, with low temperatures favoring the process. The pseudo-second-order 
      kinetic models have fitted to the adsorption onto both HDPE; intraparticle 
      diffusion was also observed. Computational studies, physical characterization 
      techniques and batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the mechanism is 
      governed by hydrophobic interactions, with van der Waals forces as a secondary 
      effect in the adsorption of FLN, DBT and DBF onto HDPE(res) and HDPE(com). Thus, 
      allowing a deeper understanding of the interactions between HDPE MP and FLN as 
      well with its derivatives.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Frescura, Lucas Mironuk
AU  - Frescura LM
AD  - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Department of Chemistry, Av. Roraima, 
      1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Funari Junior, Ronaldo Antunes
AU  - Funari Junior RA
AD  - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Department of Chemistry, Av. Roraima, 
      1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Brummelhaus de Menezes, Bryan
AU  - Brummelhaus de Menezes B
AD  - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Department of Chemistry, Av. Roraima, 
      1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Flavia de Moraes Bastos, Ana
AU  - Flavia de Moraes Bastos A
AD  - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Department of Chemistry, Av. Roraima, 
      1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Barcellos da Rosa, Marcelo
AU  - Barcellos da Rosa M
AD  - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Department of Chemistry, Av. Roraima, 
      1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: 
      marcelo.b.rosa@ufsm.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230916
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 3Q2UY0968A (fluorene)
RN  - 0 (Fluorenes)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Microplastics/chemistry
MH  - Polyethylene/chemistry
MH  - Plastics/chemistry
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Adsorption
MH  - Fluorenes
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adsorption mechanism
OT  - Fluorene heteroatomic analogs
OT  - High-density polyethylene microplastics
OT  - Hydrophobic adsorption
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/09/19 00:43
MHDA- 2023/10/26 06:42
CRDT- 2023/09/18 19:12
PHST- 2023/06/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/09/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/26 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/19 00:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/18 19:12 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(23)01575-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122573 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2023 Nov 15;337:122573. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122573. Epub 
      2023 Sep 16.