PMID- 37730968
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231123
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Sep 20
TI  - Multimode OAM beam generation through 1-bit programmable metasurface antenna.
PG  - 15603
LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-42691-0 [doi]
LID - 15603
AB  - modern wireless communication, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam is 
      considered as an important technology. Some considerable efforts have been 
      devoted to using this technology for channel capacity enhancement as much as 
      possible. Nowadays, programmable metasurfaces provide an innovational scenario 
      for generating multi-mode OAM beams due to their ability for digital 
      electromagnetic waves modulation. However, the current programmable metasurfaces 
      for generating OAM beams are typically based on reflective and transmissive 
      modes, which have low aperture efficiency due to spillover and illumination 
      effects. In this paper, a 1-bit programmable metasurface antenna is proposed with 
      capability of producing highly efficient dynamic multi-mode OAM beams. The 
      proposed structure is consisted of electronically reconfigurable meta-radiating 
      elements loaded by PIN diodes to generate two-phase states of electric field. The 
      designed Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) can assign a code sequence of 0 or 
      1 to the metasurface antenna in real-time to generate multi-mode OAM beams. 
      Hence, a dynamical surface is obtained by switching PIN diodes to change the 
      phase distribution on the surface. To verify the concept, the metasurface antenna 
      is fabricated and measured with different OAM beam states, which are in agreement 
      with the full-wave simulations, properly. The designed structure introduces a 
      capable multi-mode OAM alternative for high throughput mm-wave communications.
CI  - (c) 2023. Springer Nature Limited.
FAU - Nadi, Morteza
AU  - Nadi M
AD  - School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 
      Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Sedighy, Seyed Hassan
AU  - Sedighy SH
AD  - School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, 
      Tehran, Iran. sedighy@iust.ac.ir.
FAU - Cheldavi, Ahmad
AU  - Cheldavi A
AD  - School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 
      Tehran, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230920
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC10511630
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/09/21 06:42
MHDA- 2023/09/21 06:43
PMCR- 2023/09/20
CRDT- 2023/09/21 00:11
PHST- 2023/06/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/21 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/21 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/21 00:11 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/09/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-42691-0 [pii]
AID - 42691 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-42691-0 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 20;13(1):15603. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42691-0.