PMID- 37746961
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230926
LR  - 20231008
IS  - 1536-5964 (Electronic)
IS  - 0025-7974 (Print)
IS  - 0025-7974 (Linking)
VI  - 102
IP  - 38
DP  - 2023 Sep 22
TI  - A review of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of celiac 
      disease in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genetic predisposition.
PG  - e35351
LID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000035351 [doi]
LID - e35351
AB  - Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most prescribed and widely used 
      medications; however, the long-term effects of these medications are only 
      beginning to be investigated. Since the introduction of omeprazole in 1989, PPIs 
      have become the first-choice treatment for esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, 
      Zoster-Ellison syndrome, dyspepsia, and the prevention of ulcers with 
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Recent studies have specifically examined 
      the rise in celiac disease (CD) in this context. This review explores how PPIs 
      may impact the development of CD and highlights the need for additional research 
      into the environmental and genetic factors that influence the development and 
      progression of the disease. A literature search was performed using the keywords 
      celiac disease, proton pump inhibitors, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2, 
      HLA-DQ8. The pathogenesis of CD is multifactorial, and human leukocyte antigens 
      are one factor that may contribute to its development. Additionally, 
      pharmaceuticals, such as PPIs, that cause gut dysbiosis have been linked to the 
      inflammatory response present in CD. Recent studies have suggested that the rise 
      in CD could be attributed to changes in the gut microbiome, highlighting the 
      significant role that gut microbiota is proposed to play in CD pathogenesis. 
      Although PPI therapy is helpful in reducing acid production in gastroesophageal 
      disorders, additional information is needed to determine whether PPIs are still 
      an appropriate treatment option with the possibility of developing CD in the 
      future, particularly in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions. This 
      review emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine for individuals with 
      gastroesophageal disorders that require long-term use of PPIs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
FAU - McMillan, Alexandra
AU  - McMillan A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5761-8942
AD  - Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, USA.
FAU - Perez, Christopher
AU  - Perez C
FAU - Brooks, Amanda E
AU  - Brooks AE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Medicine (Baltimore)
JT  - Medicine
JID - 2985248R
RN  - 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQ8 antigen)
RN  - KG60484QX9 (Omeprazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Proton Pump Inhibitors/adverse effects
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - *Celiac Disease/chemically induced/genetics
MH  - Omeprazole
PMC - PMC10519524
COIS- The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.
EDAT- 2023/09/25 12:42
MHDA- 2023/09/26 13:44
PMCR- 2023/09/22
CRDT- 2023/09/25 07:03
PHST- 2023/09/26 13:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/25 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/25 07:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/09/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 00005792-202309220-00022 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000035351 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Sep 22;102(38):e35351. doi: 
      10.1097/MD.0000000000035351.