PMID- 37752554
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231004
LR  - 20231121
IS  - 1476-511X (Electronic)
IS  - 1476-511X (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Sep 26
TI  - Association of remnant cholesterol with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and their 
      coexistence: the mediating role of inflammation-related indicators.
PG  - 158
LID - 10.1186/s12944-023-01915-y [doi]
LID - 158
AB  - PURPOSE: Cholesterol metabolism is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and 
      recent studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism poses a residual risk of 
      cardiovascular disease even when conventional lipid risk factors are in the 
      optimal range. The association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and 
      cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated; however, its association with 
      hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the concomitance of the two 
      diseases requires further study. This study aimed to evaluate the association of 
      RC with hypertension, T2DM, and both in a large sample of the U.S. population, 
      and to further explore the potential mechanisms involved. METHODS: This 
      cross-sectional study used data from the 2005-2018 cycles of the National Health 
      and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 17,749). Univariable and multivariable 
      logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationships of RC 
      with hypertension, T2DM, and both comorbidities. A restricted cubic spline 
      regression model was used to reveal the dose effect. Mediation analyses were 
      performed to explore the potential mediating roles of inflammation-related 
      indicators in these associations. RESULTS: Of the 17,749 participants included 
      (mean [SD] age: 41.57 [0.23] years; women: 8983 (50.6%), men: 8766 (49.4%)), the 
      prevalence of hypertension, T2DM, and their co-occurrence was 32.6%, 16.1%, and 
      11.0%, respectively. Higher RC concentrations were associated with an increased 
      risk of hypertension, T2DM, and their co-occurrence (adjusted odds ratios for per 
      unit increase in RC were 1.068, 2.259, and 2.362, and 95% confidence intervals 
      were 1.063-1.073, 1.797-2.838, and 1.834-3.041, respectively), with a linear 
      dose-response relationship. Even when conventional lipids were present at normal 
      levels, positive associations were observed. Inflammation-related indicators 
      (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils) partially mediated these 
      associations. Among these, leukocytes had the greatest mediating effect (10.8%, 
      14.5%, and 14.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide 
      evidence that RC is associated with the risk of hypertension, T2DM, and their 
      co-occurrence, possibly mediated by an inflammatory response.
CI  - (c) 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Wu, Yuxuan
AU  - Wu Y
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian 
      Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Wei, Qinfei
AU  - Wei Q
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian 
      Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Li, Husheng
AU  - Li H
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical 
      University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Yang, Han
AU  - Yang H
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian 
      Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Wu, Yuying
AU  - Wu Y
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian 
      Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Yu, Yiming
AU  - Yu Y
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian 
      Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Chen, Qiansi
AU  - Chen Q
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian 
      Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - He, Baochang
AU  - He B
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian 
      Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Chen, Fa
AU  - Chen F
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian 
      Medical University, Fuzhou, China. chenfa@fjmu.edu.cn.
AD  - Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical 
      University, Quanzhou, China. chenfa@fjmu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
GR  - No. XRCZX2018001/the High-level Talents research Start-up Project of Fujian 
      Medical University/
GR  - No. 2021Y9015/Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology of Fujian 
      Province/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230926
PL  - England
TA  - Lipids Health Dis
JT  - Lipids in health and disease
JID - 101147696
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/complications
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Hypertension/epidemiology/complications
MH  - Cholesterol
MH  - Inflammation/epidemiology/complications
PMC - PMC10521406
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Comorbidity
OT  - Hypertension
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Remnant cholesterol
OT  - Type 2 diabetes
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/09/27 00:42
MHDA- 2023/10/04 06:44
PMCR- 2023/09/26
CRDT- 2023/09/26 23:51
PHST- 2023/07/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/04 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/27 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/26 23:51 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/09/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12944-023-01915-y [pii]
AID - 1915 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12944-023-01915-y [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Lipids Health Dis. 2023 Sep 26;22(1):158. doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01915-y.