PMID- 37766349
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20231003
IS  - 1999-4915 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4915 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 9
DP  - 2023 Sep 17
TI  - Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to Induce Resistance to 
      Ostreid herpesvirus 1: Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly 
      I:C.
LID - 10.3390/v15091943 [doi]
LID - 1943
AB  - Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), which is caused by Ostreid herpesvirus 
      1 (OsHV-1), causes economic losses in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) 
      aquaculture in many countries. Reducing the mortality in disease outbreaks 
      requires changing the host, pathogen and environment interactions to favor the 
      host. Survivors of natural exposure to OsHV-1 are able to survive subsequent 
      outbreaks. This has been replicated under laboratory conditions, suggesting the 
      existence of an immune response. The aim of the present study is to compare the 
      effects of prior exposure to infectious OsHV-1, heat-inactivated OsHV-1 and the 
      chemical anti-viral immune stimulant poly I:C on mortality following exposure to 
      virulent OsHV-1. All treatments were administered by intramuscular injection. 
      Oysters were maintained at 18  degrees C for 14 days; then, the temperature was increased 
      to 22  degrees C and the oysters were challenged with virulent OsHV-1. Heat-inactivated 
      OsHV-1, infectious OsHV-1 and poly I:C all induced significant protection against 
      mortality, with the hazard of death being 0.41, 0.18 and 0.02, respectively, 
      compared to the controls, which had no immune priming. The replication of OsHV-1 
      on first exposure was not required to induce a protective response. While the 
      underlying mechanisms for protection remain to be elucidated, conditioning for 
      resistance to POMS by prior exposure to inactivated or infectious OsHV-1 may have 
      practical applications in oyster farming but requires further development to 
      optimize the dose and delivery mechanism and evaluate the duration of protection.
FAU - de Kantzow, Maximilian
AU  - de Kantzow M
AD  - School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 
      Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
FAU - Hick, Paul M
AU  - Hick PM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6821-2232
AD  - School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 
      Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
FAU - Whittington, Richard J
AU  - Whittington RJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3982-611X
AD  - School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 
      Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
LA  - eng
GR  - FRDC 2014-040/Fisheries Research and Development Corporation/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230917
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Viruses
JT  - Viruses
JID - 101509722
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC10536431
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Crassostrea gigas
OT  - Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1)
OT  - Pacific oyster
OT  - disease control
OT  - experimental infection
OT  - immunity
OT  - resistance
OT  - susceptibility
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2023/09/28 06:42
MHDA- 2023/09/28 06:42
PMCR- 2023/09/17
CRDT- 2023/09/28 01:45
PHST- 2023/08/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/09/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/28 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/28 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/28 01:45 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/09/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v15091943 [pii]
AID - viruses-15-01943 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/v15091943 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Viruses. 2023 Sep 17;15(9):1943. doi: 10.3390/v15091943.