PMID- 37769718
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231114
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 906
DP  - 2024 Jan 1
TI  - Concentrations and legislative aspects of PBDEs in plastic of waste electrical 
      and electronic equipment in Brazil.
PG  - 167349
LID - S0048-9697(23)05976-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167349 [doi]
AB  - Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been widely used as additives in 
      polymeric products such as electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) to help meet 
      fire safety regulations. However, some BFRs like polybrominated diphenyl ethers 
      (PBDEs), are now listed under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) and banned in many countries, due to their adverse health 
      impacts, environmental persistence, and capacity for bioaccumulation and 
      long-range atmospheric transport. Despite this, in Brazil, only a few studies 
      exist of the presence of these contaminants in the environment, and even fewer in 
      waste EEE (WEEE). Against this backdrop, this study measured the presence of 
      PBDEs in samples (n = 159) of WEEE in the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, Sao 
      Paulo, Brazil. PBDEs were detected in 149 samples, with concentrations in 18 
      samples exceeding the European Union's Low POP Content Limit (LPCL) of 
      1000 mg/kg. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) was the congener present at the 
      highest concentration in most samples, with those of other PBDEs such as BDE-47 
      much lower. In general, samples containing >1000 mg/kg are those categorised as 
      display items and miscellaneous EEE (n = 15.27 %), comprising: parts from cathode 
      ray tube TVs (n = 11), audio systems (n = 2), and LCD TVs (n = 2). In addition, 
      in 5 % (n = 3) of IT and telecommunications equipment samples (computer parts) 
      PBDE concentrations exceeded 1000 mg/kg. Our results show the need for greater 
      control and monitoring of the presence of these pollutants in WEEE before 
      recycling and final disposal, to prevent PBDEs entering the recycling stream.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Burgos Melo, Hansel David
AU  - Burgos Melo HD
AD  - Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Tres 
      de Marco, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
FAU - de Souza-Araujo, Juliana
AU  - de Souza-Araujo J
AD  - Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Tres 
      de Marco, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Benavides Garzon, Laura Geraldine
AU  - Benavides Garzon LG
AD  - LAB3 S.A.S - KHYMOS S.A.S, Bogota, Colombia.
FAU - Macedo, Joao Carlos
AU  - Macedo JC
AD  - Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Tres 
      de Marco, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Cardoso, Rafael
AU  - Cardoso R
AD  - Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Tres 
      de Marco, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Mancini, Sandro Donnini
AU  - Mancini SD
AD  - Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Tres 
      de Marco, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Harrad, Stuart
AU  - Harrad S
AD  - School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 
      Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
FAU - Rosa, Andre Henrique
AU  - Rosa AH
AD  - Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Tres 
      de Marco, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. Electronic 
      address: andre.rosa@unesp.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230926
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Circular economy
OT  - Flame retardants
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
OT  - WEEE
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial 
      interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing 
      interests: Andre Henrique Rosa reports was provided by State of Sao Paulo 
      Research Foundation. Hansel David Burgos Melo reports was provided by 
      Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Improvement. Juliana de Souza Araujo 
      reports was provided by State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation.
EDAT- 2023/09/29 00:42
MHDA- 2023/09/29 00:43
CRDT- 2023/09/28 19:28
PHST- 2023/08/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/09/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/29 00:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/09/29 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/28 19:28 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(23)05976-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167349 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 1;906:167349. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167349. 
      Epub 2023 Sep 26.