PMID- 37776838 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231114 LR - 20231114 IS - 1873-1244 (Electronic) IS - 0899-9007 (Linking) VI - 116 DP - 2023 Dec TI - Mitigating errors in mobile-based dietary assessments: Effects of a data modification process on the validity of an image-assisted food and nutrition app. PG - 112212 LID - S0899-9007(23)00240-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112212 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Mobile nutrition applications (apps) provide a simple way for individuals to record their diet, but the validity and inherent errors need to be carefully evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and clarify the sources of measurement errors of image-assisted mobile nutrition apps. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 98 students recruited from School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University. A 3-d nutrient intake record by Formosa Food and Nutrient Recording App (FoodApp) was compared with a 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR). A two-stage data modification process, manual data cleaning, and reanalyzing of prepackaged foods were employed to address inherent errors. Nutrient intake levels obtained by the two methods were compared with the recommended daily intake (DRI), Taiwan. Paired t test, Spearman's correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between the FoodApp and 24-HDR. RESULTS: Manual data cleaning identified 166 food coding errors (12%; stage 1), and 426 food codes with missing micronutrients (32%) were reanalyzed (stage 2). Positive linear trends were observed for total energy and micronutrient intake (all P(trend) < 0.05) after the two stages of data modification, but not for dietary fat, carbohydrates, or vitamin D. There were no statistical differences in mean energy and macronutrient intake between the FoodApp and 24-HDR, and this agreement was confirmed by Bland-Altman plots. Spearman's correlation analyses showed strong to moderate correlations (r = 0.834 approximately 0.386) between the two methods. Participants' nutrient intake tended to be lower than the DRI, but no differences in proportions of adequacy/inadequacy for DRI values were observed between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: Mitigating errors significantly improved the accuracy of the Formosa FoodApp, indicating its validity and reliability as a self-reporting mobile-based dietary assessment tool. Dietitians and health professionals should be mindful of potential errors associated with self-reporting nutrition apps, and manual data cleaning is vital to obtain reliable nutrient intake data. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Ho, Dang Khanh Ngan AU - Ho DKN AD - School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. FAU - Chiu, Wan-Chun AU - Chiu WC AD - School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. FAU - Kao, Jing-Wen AU - Kao JW AD - School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. FAU - Tseng, Hsiang-Tung AU - Tseng HT AD - School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. FAU - Yao, Chih-Yuan AU - Yao CY AD - Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan. FAU - Su, Hsiu-Yueh AU - Su HY AD - School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dietetics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. FAU - Wei, Pin-Hui AU - Wei PH AD - Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. FAU - Le, Nguyen Quoc Khanh AU - Le NQK AD - Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. FAU - Nguyen, Hung Trong AU - Nguyen HT AD - Department of Adult Nutrition Counselling, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam. FAU - Chang, Jung-Su AU - Chang JS AD - School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity (CTSSO), Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: susanchang@tmu.edu.tw. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230909 PL - United States TA - Nutrition JT - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) JID - 8802712 RN - 0 (Dietary Fats) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Mobile Applications MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Nutrition Assessment MH - Diet MH - Energy Intake MH - Dietary Fats MH - Diet Records OTO - NOTNLM OT - Food records OT - Mobile application OT - Mobile health OT - Smartphone application COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2023/10/01 04:44 MHDA- 2023/11/14 06:43 CRDT- 2023/09/30 18:13 PHST- 2023/03/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/07/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/09/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/11/14 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/10/01 04:44 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/09/30 18:13 [entrez] AID - S0899-9007(23)00240-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112212 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutrition. 2023 Dec;116:112212. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112212. Epub 2023 Sep 9.