PMID- 37777360
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231023
LR  - 20231023
IS  - 1879-1166 (Electronic)
IS  - 0198-8859 (Linking)
VI  - 84
IP  - 11
DP  - 2023 Nov
TI  - Coronavirus-19 disease risk and protective factors associated with HLA/KIR 
      polymorphisms in Ecuadorian patients residing in Madrid.
PG  - 571-577
LID - S0198-8859(23)00335-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.09.004 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Immigrants represented 21.8% of cases in a Spanish cohort of 
      hospitalised patients with COVID-19, a proportion exceeding the percentage of 
      immigrants in that area's total population. Among the ethnic-related genetic risk 
      factors for COVID-19, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in diverse 
      populations might bias the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or progression. 
      Similarly, genetic differences in natural killer-activating and inhibitory 
      receptors could play a role in the immune system's response to the viral 
      infection. METHODS: We characterised HLA alleles and KIR genes in 52 Ecuadorian 
      patients hospitalised for moderate and severe COVID-19 and 87 Ecuadorian controls 
      from the general population living in the same area. RESULTS: There was a 
      significantly increased frequency of the HLA-B*39 antigen and the activating 
      KIR2DS4 receptor in the presence of its HLA-C*04 ligand in the COVID-19 group 
      when compared with the control group. In contrast, there was a significant 
      reduction in the frequency of carriers of KIR2DL1 and of the KIR3DL1/Bw4 
      receptor/ligand combination among COVID-19 group. On the other hand, HLA-A*24:02 
      and HLA-DRB1*09:01 alleles showed significantly lower frequencies specifically in 
      the severe COVID-19 group. CONCLUSION: HLA-B*39 alleles might be genetic risk 
      factors for developing COVID-19 in Ecuadorian individuals. In the presence of its 
      ligand C*04, the natural killer-activating receptor KIR2DS4 might also increase 
      the risk of developing COVID-19, while, in the presence of HLA-Bw4 alleles, the 
      inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1 might play a protective role. Patients with COVID-19 
      who carry HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-DRB1*09:01 alleles might be protected against more 
      severe forms of COVID-19.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. 
      Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Balas, Antonio
AU  - Balas A
AD  - Histocompatibility Unit, Centro de Transfusion de la Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, 
      Spain.
FAU - Moreno-Hidalgo, Miguel Angel
AU  - Moreno-Hidalgo MA
AD  - Histocompatibility Unit, Centro de Transfusion de la Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, 
      Spain.
FAU - de la Calle-Prieto, Fernando
AU  - de la Calle-Prieto F
AD  - National Referral Unit for Imported Tropical Diseases and Travel Medicine, 
      Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, 
      CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Vicario, Jose Luis
AU  - Vicario JL
AD  - Histocompatibility Unit, Centro de Transfusion de la Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, 
      Spain.
FAU - Arsuaga, Marta
AU  - Arsuaga M
AD  - National Referral Unit for Imported Tropical Diseases and Travel Medicine, 
      Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, 
      CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Trigo, Elena
AU  - Trigo E
AD  - National Referral Unit for Imported Tropical Diseases and Travel Medicine, 
      Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, 
      CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
FAU - de Miguel-Buckley, Rosa
AU  - de Miguel-Buckley R
AD  - National Referral Unit for Imported Tropical Diseases and Travel Medicine, 
      Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, 
      CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Bellon, Teresa
AU  - Bellon T
AD  - Institute for Health Research Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, 
      Spain. Electronic address: teresa.bellon@salud.madrid.org.
FAU - Diaz-Menendez, Marta
AU  - Diaz-Menendez M
AD  - National Referral Unit for Imported Tropical Diseases and Travel Medicine, 
      Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, 
      CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230928
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Immunol
JT  - Human immunology
JID - 8010936
RN  - 0 (HLA-DRB1 Chains)
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, KIR)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I)
RN  - 0 (HLA-B Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-A Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Protective Factors
MH  - Ecuador/epidemiology
MH  - *Receptors, KIR/genetics
MH  - *COVID-19/genetics
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - HLA Antigens/genetics
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
MH  - HLA-B Antigens/genetics
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HLA-A Antigens/genetics
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - Ecuadorians
OT  - HLA
OT  - KIR
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/10/01 04:44
MHDA- 2023/10/23 01:18
CRDT- 2023/09/30 21:54
PHST- 2023/04/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/09/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/23 01:18 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/01 04:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/09/30 21:54 [entrez]
AID - S0198-8859(23)00335-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.09.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Immunol. 2023 Nov;84(11):571-577. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.09.004. Epub 
      2023 Sep 28.