PMID- 37778820
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231003
LR  - 20231003
IS  - 1001-0742 (Print)
IS  - 1001-0742 (Linking)
VI  - 135
DP  - 2024 Jan
TI  - Comprehensive understanding on sources of high levels of fine particulate 
      nitro-aromatic compounds at a coastal rural area in northern China.
PG  - 483-494
LID - S1001-0742(22)00482-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.033 [doi]
AB  - Nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) are among the major components of brown carbon 
      (BrC) in the atmosphere, causing negative impacts on regional climate, air 
      quality, and ecological health. Due to the extensive origins, it is still a 
      challenge to figure out the contributions and originating regions for different 
      sources of atmospheric NACs. Here, field observations on fine particulate NACs 
      were conducted at a coastal rural area in Qingdao, China in the winter of 2018 
      and 2019. The mean total concentrations of fine particulate nitro-aromatic 
      compounds were 125.0 +/- 89.5 and 27.7 +/- 21.1 ng/m(3) in the winter of 2018 and 
      2019, respectively. Among the measured eleven NACs, nitrophenols and 
      nitrocatechols were the most abundant species. Variation characteristics and 
      correlation analysis showed that humidity and anthropogenic primary emissions had 
      significant influences on the NAC abundances. In this study, two tracing methods 
      of the improved spatial concentration weighted trajectory (SCWT) model and the 
      receptor model of positive matrix factorization (PMF) were combined to 
      comprehensively understand the origins of NACs in fine particles at coastal 
      Qingdao. Four major sources were identified, including coal combustion, biomass 
      burning, vehicle exhaust, and secondary formation. Surprisingly, coal combustion 
      was responsible for about half of the observed nitro-aromatic compounds, followed 
      by biomass burning ( approximately 30%). The results by SCWT demonstrated that the coal 
      combustion dominated NACs mainly originated from the Shandong peninsula and the 
      areas to the north and southwest, while those dominated by biomass burning 
      primarily came from local Qingdao and the areas to the west.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Jiang, Yueru
AU  - Jiang Y
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
FAU - Wang, Xinfeng
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. 
      Electronic address: xinfengwang@sdu.edu.cn.
FAU - Li, Min
AU  - Li M
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
FAU - Liang, Yiheng
AU  - Liang Y
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; 
      Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of 
      Technology Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Department of Water Resources and 
      Drinking Water, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 
      Duebendorf 8600, Switzerland.
FAU - Liu, Zhiyi
AU  - Liu Z
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
FAU - Chen, Jing
AU  - Chen J
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
FAU - Guan, Tianyi
AU  - Guan T
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
FAU - Mu, Jiangshan
AU  - Mu J
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
FAU - Zhu, Yujiao
AU  - Zhu Y
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
FAU - Meng, He
AU  - Meng H
AD  - Qingdao Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, 
      China.
FAU - Zhou, Yang
AU  - Zhou Y
AD  - College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 
      266100, China.
FAU - Yao, Lan
AU  - Yao L
AD  - School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 
      Shanghai 200234, China.
FAU - Xue, Likun
AU  - Xue L
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
FAU - Wang, Wenxing
AU  - Wang W
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221004
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Environ Sci (China)
JT  - Journal of environmental sciences (China)
JID - 100967627
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 0 (Dust)
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
RN  - 0 (Coal)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Particulate Matter/analysis
MH  - Dust/analysis
MH  - Vehicle Emissions/analysis
MH  - China
MH  - Coal/analysis
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Organic Chemicals/analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Aerosols/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Combustion activities
OT  - Fine particles
OT  - Nitro-aromatic compounds
OT  - Originating region
OT  - Source apportionment
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/10/02 00:41
MHDA- 2023/10/03 06:47
CRDT- 2023/10/01 20:58
PHST- 2022/07/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/03 06:47 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/02 00:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/01 20:58 [entrez]
AID - S1001-0742(22)00482-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.033 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Environ Sci (China). 2024 Jan;135:483-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.033. Epub 
      2022 Oct 4.