PMID- 37798019
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231102
LR  - 20231103
IS  - 2044-6055 (Electronic)
IS  - 2044-6055 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 Oct 5
TI  - Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with type 2 
      diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PG  - e075607
LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075607 [doi]
LID - e075607
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The study intended to assess the pooled prevalence of vitamin D 
      deficiency (VDD) and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and 
      Meta-Analyses guidelines were employed to plan and conduct this systematic review 
      and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, 
      Science Direct and the Worldwide Science database were searched from their 
      inception to 31 January 2023. METHODS: Data were extracted using a standardised 
      data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel. The inverse variance (I(2)) 
      test was used to evaluate the presence of heterogeneity across the included 
      studies. To identify the possible source of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was 
      carried out. Funnel plot symmetry, Begg's and Egger's tests were used to evaluate 
      the existence of publication bias. In addition, factors associated with VDD among 
      patients with T2DM were examined. All statistical analyses were carried out with 
      STATA V.14 software. RESULTS: A total of 54 studies with 38 016 study 
      participants were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of VDD among 
      patients with T2DM was found to be 64.2% (95% CI 60.6% to 67.8%) with a 
      substantial level of heterogeneity (I(2)=98.2%; p<0.001). Results of the subgroup 
      analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of VDD among patients with T2DM was 
      highest (70.9%) in African nations and lowest (57.1%) in Middle East countries. 
      Being female (pooled OR (POR) 1.60, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.97), having poor glycaemic 
      control (POR 2.50; 95% CI 1.74 to 3.59), hypertension (POR 1.21; 95% CI 1.08 to 
      1.36), obesity (body mass index >/=25) (POR 1.68; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.44), 
      dyslipidaemia (POR 2.54, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.73), albuminuria (POR 2.22, 95% CI 1.71 
      to 2.95), nephropathy (POR 1.58; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.31) and retinopathy (POR 1.48: 
      95% CI 1.17 to 1.89) were predictors of VDD among patients with T2DM. 
      CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients with T2DM were suffering from VDD. Being 
      female, having poor glycaemic control, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia, 
      albuminuria, nephropathy and retinopathy were the predictors of VDD among 
      patients with T2DM.
CI  - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No 
      commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
FAU - Taderegew, Mitku Mammo
AU  - Taderegew MM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0123-2677
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia mitkumamo@gmail.com.
FAU - Woldeamanuel, Gashaw Garedew
AU  - Woldeamanuel GG
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
FAU - Wondie, Alemayehu
AU  - Wondie A
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
FAU - Getawey, Atsede
AU  - Getawey A
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
FAU - Abegaz, Abera Nesiru
AU  - Abegaz AN
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
FAU - Adane, Fentahun
AU  - Adane F
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, 
      Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20231005
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ Open
JT  - BMJ open
JID - 101552874
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Albuminuria
MH  - Obesity
MH  - *Hypertension
MH  - *Dyslipidemias
MH  - *Retinal Diseases
MH  - *Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Ethiopia/epidemiology
PMC - PMC10565281
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - calcium & bone
OT  - diabetes & endocrinology
OT  - general diabetes
COIS- Competing interests: None declared.
EDAT- 2023/10/06 00:43
MHDA- 2023/11/02 12:45
PMCR- 2023/10/05
CRDT- 2023/10/05 20:52
PHST- 2023/11/02 12:45 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/06 00:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/05 20:52 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - bmjopen-2023-075607 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075607 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMJ Open. 2023 Oct 5;13(10):e075607. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075607.