PMID- 37798718
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231101
LR  - 20231121
IS  - 1471-2458 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2458 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Oct 5
TI  - Spatiotemporal variations and determinants of overweight/obesity among women of 
      reproductive age in urban India during 2005-2021.
PG  - 1933
LID - 10.1186/s12889-023-16842-x [doi]
LID - 1933
AB  - BACKGROUND: India has witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades, leading to 
      a worrisome surge in non-communicable diseases, particularly overweight/obesity, 
      which now present a critical public health concern. Therefore, this study seeks 
      to examine spatiotemporal variations and determinants of overweight/obesity among 
      women of reproductive age (WRA) in urban India and its states during 2005-2021. 
      METHODS: The study used 44,882, 171,443, and 135,272 WRA aged 15-49 from National 
      Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 (2005-06), NFHS-4 (2015-16), and NFHS-5 (2019-21), 
      respectively. The outcome variable was overweight/obesity, defined as a Body Mass 
      Index (BMI) of >/= 25 kg/m(2). Chi-squared test and multivariable logistic 
      regression were used to identify the determinants of overweight/obesity. RESULTS: 
      Overweight/obesity prevalence among WRA in urban India has risen significantly, 
      from 23% in 2005-06 to 33% in 2019-21. This increase is particularly pronounced 
      among SC/ST women and women with lower educational levels. During the study 
      period, overweight/obesity rates in different states exhibited varying increases, 
      ranging from 3 percentage points (pp) in Rajasthan to 22 pp in Odisha. Certain 
      southern (e.g., Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh) and northeastern states saw a 
      significant 15 pp or more increase. In contrast, several northern, central, and 
      eastern states (e.g., Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, 
      Jharkhand, West Bengal) experienced relatively smaller increases ranging from 5 
      to 8 pp. As of 2019-21, two regions exhibited high prevalence rates of 
      overweight/obesity, exceeding 35%: the southern region (Tamil Nadu, Andhra 
      Pradesh, Kerala, and Karnataka) and the northern region (Punjab, Himachal 
      Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Haryana). In contrast, the Empowered Action Group 
      states had relatively lower rates (25% or less) of overweight/obesity. Regression 
      results showed that older women [AOR: 5.98, 95% CI: 5.71-6.27], those from the 
      richest quintile [AOR: 4.23, 95% CI: 3.95-4.54], those living in south India 
      [AOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.72-1.82], and those having diabetes [AOR: 1.92, 95% CI: 
      1.83-2.02] were more likely to be overweight/obese. CONCLUSION: Considering the 
      significant increase in overweight/obesity among urban WRA in India, along with 
      substantial disparities across states and socioeconomic groups, it is imperative 
      for the government to formulate state-specific strategies and policies based on 
      determinants to effectively combat overweight/obesity.
CI  - (c) 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Singh, Aditya
AU  - Singh A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3031-5225
AD  - Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 
      India.
AD  - Girl Innovation, Research, and Learning (GIRL) Center, Population Council, New 
      York, USA.
FAU - Let, Subhojit
AU  - Let S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5692-6027
AD  - Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 
      India.
FAU - Tiwari, Seema
AU  - Tiwari S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5755-6251
AD  - Geography Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 
      Uttar Pradesh, India. seemammvbhu2007@gmail.com.
FAU - Chakrabarty, Mahashweta
AU  - Chakrabarty M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5151-9572
AD  - Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 
      India. mahashweta.c1997@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20231005
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Public Health
JT  - BMC public health
JID - 100968562
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Aged
MH  - *Overweight/epidemiology
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Obesity/epidemiology
MH  - Reproduction
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus
MH  - Prevalence
PMC - PMC10557305
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BMI
OT  - India
OT  - NFHS
OT  - Obese
OT  - Obesity
OT  - Overweight
OT  - Reproductive Age
OT  - Urban
OT  - Women's Health
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/10/06 00:43
MHDA- 2023/11/01 12:43
PMCR- 2023/10/05
CRDT- 2023/10/05 23:46
PHST- 2023/04/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/01 12:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/06 00:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/05 23:46 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12889-023-16842-x [pii]
AID - 16842 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12889-023-16842-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Public Health. 2023 Oct 5;23(1):1933. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16842-x.