PMID- 37799972 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231026 IS - 1663-9812 (Print) IS - 1663-9812 (Electronic) IS - 1663-9812 (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2023 TI - The in vitro effects of black soldier fly larvae (Hermitia illucens) oil as a high-functional active ingredient for inhibiting hyaluronidase, anti-oxidation benefits, whitening, and UVB protection. PG - 1243961 LID - 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243961 [doi] LID - 1243961 AB - Objective: Larvae of Hermitia illucens, or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), have been recognized for their high lipid yield with a remarkable fatty acid profile. BSFL oil (SFO) offers the added value of a low environmental footprint and a sustainable product. In this study, the characteristics and cosmetic-related activities of SFO were investigated and compared with rice bran oil, olive oil and krill oil which are commonly used in cosmetics and supplements. Methods: The physicochemical characteristics were determined including acid value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter and water content of SFO. The fatty acid composition was determined using GC-MS equipped with TR-FAME. The in vitro antioxidant properties were determined using DPPH, FRAP and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Antihyaluronidase (anti-HAase) activity was measured by detecting enzyme activity and molecular docking of candidate compounds toward the HAase enzyme. The safety assessment towards normal human cells was determined using the MTT assay and the UVB protection upon UVB-irradiated fibroblasts was determined using the DCF-DA assay. The whitening effect of SFO was determined using melanin content inhibition. Results: SFO contains more than 60% polyunsaturated fatty acids followed by saturated fatty acids (up to 37%). The most abundant component found in SFO was linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6 cis). Multiple anti-oxidant mechanisms of SFO were discovered. In addition, SFO and krill oil prevented hyaluronic acid (HA) degradation via strong HAase inhibition comparable with the positive control, oleanolic acid. The molecular docking confirmed the binding interactions and molecular recognition of major free fatty acids toward HAase. Furthermore, SFO exhibited no cytotoxicity on primary human skin fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes and PBMCs (IC(50) values > 200 mug/mL). SFO possessed significant in-situ anti-oxidant activity in UVB-irradiated fibroblasts and the melanin inhibition activity as effective as well-known anti-pigmenting compounds (kojic acid and arbutin, p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides scientific support for various aspects of SFO. SFO can be considered an alternative oil ingredient in cosmetic products with potential implications for anti-skin aging, whitening and UVB protection properties, making it a potential candidate oil in the cosmetic industry. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Phongpradist, Semmarath, Kiattisin, Jiaranaikulwanitch, Chaiyana, Chaichit, Phimolsiripol, Dejkriengkraikul and Ampasavate. FAU - Phongpradist, Rungsinee AU - Phongpradist R AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Semmarath, Warathit AU - Semmarath W AD - Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. AD - Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. FAU - Kiattisin, Kanokwan AU - Kiattisin K AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Jiaranaikulwanitch, Jutamas AU - Jiaranaikulwanitch J AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Chaiyana, Wantida AU - Chaiyana W AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. AD - Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Chaichit, Siripat AU - Chaichit S AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. AD - Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Phimolsiripol, Yuthana AU - Phimolsiripol Y AD - Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Dejkriengkraikul, Pornngarm AU - Dejkriengkraikul P AD - Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. AD - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. AD - Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Ampasavate, Chadarat AU - Ampasavate C AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. AD - Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. AD - Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230920 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Pharmacol JT - Frontiers in pharmacology JID - 101548923 PMC - PMC10548269 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Hermitia illucens OT - UV protection OT - anti-oxidation OT - black soldier fly OT - cosmetic application OT - hyaluronidase inhibition OT - oil OT - whitening COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/10/06 06:43 MHDA- 2023/10/06 06:44 PMCR- 2023/09/20 CRDT- 2023/10/06 03:59 PHST- 2023/06/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/08/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/10/06 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2023/10/06 06:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/10/06 03:59 [entrez] PHST- 2023/09/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1243961 [pii] AID - 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243961 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Pharmacol. 2023 Sep 20;14:1243961. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243961. eCollection 2023.