PMID- 37817087
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231102
LR  - 20231121
IS  - 1471-2334 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2334 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Oct 10
TI  - Transmitted drug resistance and subtype patterns of viruses from reported new HIV 
      diagnoses in Germany, 2017-2020.
PG  - 673
LID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08649-3 [doi]
LID - 673
AB  - BACKGROUND: The transmission of resistant HIV variants jeopardizes the effective 
      use of antiretrovirals for therapy and prophylaxis. Molecular surveillance of new 
      HIV diagnoses with a focus on prevalence and type of resistance associated 
      mutations and the subtype of circulating viruses is mandatory. METHOD: From 2017 
      to 2020, 11,527 new HIV diagnoses were reported in Germany to the Robert Koch 
      Institute (RKI). Protease (PR) and reverse-transcriptase (RT) sequences were 
      obtained from 4559 (39.6%) cases, and PR, RT and integrase (IN) sequences were 
      obtained from 3097 (26.9%) cases. The sequences were analyzed with data from the 
      national HIV reports. RESULTS: Among all cases in the analysis, the proportion of 
      primary resistance was 4.3% for nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors 
      (NRTIs), 9.2% for non-NRTI (NNRTIs), 3.3% for protease inhibitors (PIs) and 1.4% 
      for integrase inhibitors (INIs). Dual-class resistance was highest for 
      NRTIs/NNRTIs with 1.2%. There was no trend in the proportion of viruses resistant 
      to drug classes. Most individual key mutations associated with relevant 
      resistance had a prevalence below 1% including K65R (0.1%) and M184V (0.6%). A 
      notable exception was K103NS, with a prevalence of 2.9% and a significant 
      increase (p(Trend)=0.024) during 2017-2020. In this period, diagnoses of 
      infections with HIV-1 subtype B were the most common at 58.7%, but its prevalence 
      was declining (p(Trend)=0.049) while the frequency of minority subtypes (each 
      < 1%) increased (p(Trend)=0.007). Subtype B was highest (75.6%) in men who have 
      sex with men (MSM) and lowest in reported heterosexual transmissions (HETs, 
      22.6%). CONCLUSION: The percentage of primary resistance was high but at a stable 
      level. A genotypic determination of resistance is therefore still required before 
      the start of therapy. The subtype diversity of circulating HIV-1 is increasing.
CI  - (c) 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Fiebig, Uwe
AU  - Fiebig U
AD  - Unit 18 "HIV and other Retroviruses, Sexually transmitted bacterial Pathogens 
      (STI) and HIV", Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, 
      Germany.
FAU - Altmann, Britta
AU  - Altmann B
AD  - Unit 18 "HIV and other Retroviruses", Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert 
      Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Hauser, Andrea
AU  - Hauser A
AD  - Unit 18 "HIV and other Retroviruses", Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert 
      Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Koppe, Uwe
AU  - Koppe U
AD  - Unit 34 "HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections", Department of Infectious 
      Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Hanke, Kirsten
AU  - Hanke K
AD  - Unit 18 "HIV and other Retroviruses, Sexually transmitted bacterial Pathogens 
      (STI) and HIV", Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, 
      Germany.
FAU - Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, Barbara
AU  - Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B
AD  - Unit 34 "HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections", Department of Infectious 
      Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Bremer, Viviane
AU  - Bremer V
AD  - Unit 34 "HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections", Department of Infectious 
      Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Baumgarten, Axel
AU  - Baumgarten A
AD  - Center for Infectiology Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, 
      Germany.
FAU - Bannert, Norbert
AU  - Bannert N
AD  - Unit 18 "HIV and other Retroviruses, Sexually transmitted bacterial Pathogens 
      (STI) and HIV", Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, 
      Germany. BannertN@rki.de.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231010
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Infect Dis
JT  - BMC infectious diseases
JID - 100968551
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.6 (DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases)
RN  - 0 (Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Humans
MH  - Homosexuality, Male
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics
MH  - *HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology
MH  - *Sexual and Gender Minorities
MH  - *Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Mutation
MH  - *Viruses
MH  - DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Genotype
PMC - PMC10563336
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HIV
OT  - HIV diagnosis
OT  - HIV subtype
OT  - Molecular surveillance
OT  - Transmitted drug resistance
COIS- VB received travel expense support from the organizers of the German-Austrian 
      AIDS Congress. She is a member of DAIG and the coordinating committee of the 
      Federal government to implement the strategy to contain HIV, hepatitis B and C 
      and other sexually transmitted infections. UK received travel expense support 
      from the organizers of the German-Austrian AIDS Congress and is a member of DAIG. 
      All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/10/11 00:42
MHDA- 2023/11/02 12:45
PMCR- 2023/10/10
CRDT- 2023/10/10 23:49
PHST- 2023/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/02 12:45 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/11 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/10 23:49 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08649-3 [pii]
AID - 8649 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08649-3 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 10;23(1):673. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08649-3.