PMID- 37839558
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231216
LR  - 20240520
IS  - 1872-7492 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-1702 (Print)
IS  - 0168-1702 (Linking)
VI  - 339
DP  - 2024 Jan 2
TI  - Ostreid herpesvirus 1 latent infection and reactivation in adult Pacific oysters, 
      Crassostrea gigas.
PG  - 199245
LID - S0168-1702(23)00207-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199245 [doi]
LID - 199245
AB  - Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is one of the most economically important 
      pathogens of Pacific oysters. Understanding the pathogenesis of this virus is 
      critical to developing tools to control outbreaks on shellfish farms. OsHV-1 is 
      genetically related to vertebrate herpesviruses, which have a lytic and a latent 
      stage, with the latent stage capable of being reactivated to the lytic stage. 
      Here, OsHV-1 latency in Pacific oysters was investigated in experimentally and 
      naturally infected oysters. Lytic infection in one-year-old oysters injected with 
      the Tomales Bay strain of OsHV-1 was detectable between 1 and 4 days 
      post-injection (dpi) but was not detectable after 5 dpi. The injected oysters 
      shed 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(4) DNA copies/ml into the water during the 4-day acute 
      phase. Lytic shedding was not detectable in two-year-old oysters injected 
      similarly with the same strain of OsHV-1; however, the OsHV-1 genome was 
      detectable by qPCR in the adductor muscle, gill, mantle, and hemocytes within the 
      first 3 dpi, after which it became undetectable. No OsHV-1 was detectable in the 
      adductor muscle, gill, or mantle from experimentally infected oysters on days 15 
      and 21 post-injection or from oysters sampled 9 months after surviving an OsHV-1 
      mortality event; however, OsHV-1 DNA could be detected in hemocytes of both 
      experimentally infected oysters at 21 dpi and naturally infected oysters using 
      nested PCR. In addition, lytic viral gene transcription was detectable in 
      hemocytes of experimentally infected oysters between 1 and 21 dpi and in 
      hemocytes of naturally infected oysters. Furthermore, OsHV-1 reactivation from 
      latency was induced in experimentally infected oysters at 21 dpi and in naturally 
      infected oysters 12 months after an OsHV-1 outbreak.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Divilov, Konstantin
AU  - Divilov K
AD  - Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon 
      Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science 
      Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
FAU - Wang, Xisheng
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon 
      State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
FAU - Swisher, Alexandra E
AU  - Swisher AE
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon 
      State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
FAU - Yeoman, Peyton C
AU  - Yeoman PC
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon 
      State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
FAU - Rintoul, Maxwell
AU  - Rintoul M
AD  - Hog Island Oyster Co., Marshall, CA 94940, USA.
FAU - Fleener, Gary B
AU  - Fleener GB
AD  - Hog Island Oyster Co., Marshall, CA 94940, USA.
FAU - Schoolfield, Blaine
AU  - Schoolfield B
AD  - Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon 
      Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science 
      Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
FAU - Langdon, Chris
AU  - Langdon C
AD  - Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon 
      Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science 
      Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
FAU - Jin, Ling
AU  - Jin L
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon 
      State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Electronic address: 
      ling.jin@oregonstate.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231025
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Virus Res
JT  - Virus research
JID - 8410979
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - Ostreid herpesvirus 1
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Crassostrea/genetics
MH  - DNA Viruses/genetics
MH  - *Herpesviridae/genetics
MH  - DNA
PMC - PMC10613911
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Hemocytes
OT  - Latent
OT  - Nested PCR
OT  - OsHV-1
OT  - Pacific oysters
OT  - Reactivation
OT  - qPCR
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest
EDAT- 2023/10/16 00:42
MHDA- 2023/12/17 09:44
PMCR- 2023/10/25
CRDT- 2023/10/15 19:25
PHST- 2023/08/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/17 09:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/16 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/15 19:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0168-1702(23)00207-1 [pii]
AID - 199245 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199245 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Virus Res. 2024 Jan 2;339:199245. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199245. Epub 2023 
      Oct 25.