PMID- 37839770 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231121 LR - 20240221 IS - 1872-7573 (Electronic) IS - 0378-8741 (Linking) VI - 319 IP - Pt 3 DP - 2024 Jan 30 TI - Effect of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and its extracts on the immunization outcome of avian influenza vaccine in broilers. PG - 117306 LID - S0378-8741(23)01176-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117306 [doi] AB - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP) is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant with immunomodulatory effects. However, the immunomodulatory effects of EP on broilers after vaccination are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim is to study the effect of EP and Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench extracts(EE) on avian influenza virus (AIV) immunity, and further explore the potential mechanism of immune regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Broilers were fed with feed additives containing 2% EP or 0.5% EE, and vaccinated against avian influenza. The samples were collected on the 7th, 21st, and 35th day after vaccination, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Blood antibody titer, jejunal sIgA content, tight junction protein, gene and protein expression of TLR4-MAPK signaling pathway were also detected. RESULTS: The results showed that vaccination could cause immune stress, weight loss, increase sIgA content, and up-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1, as well as the genes of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), activator protein 1 (AP-1) protein gene expression on TLR4-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the protein expression of MyD88, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). EP and EE could increase the body weight of broilers, further improve antibody titers, decrease FCR, increase sIgA levels, up-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, as well as the genes of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, and AP-1 and the protein expression of MyD88, ERK, and JNK in the TLR4-MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, EP and EE can increase the broiler's production performance and improve vaccine immune effect through the TLR4-MAPK signaling pathway. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Wang, Xinyue AU - Wang X AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 1547443677@qq.com. FAU - Chen, Jiaxin AU - Chen J AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nanomedicine Center, The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510700, China. Electronic address: 289964621@qq.com. FAU - Chan, Yanzi AU - Chan Y AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 1197485670@qq.com. FAU - Li, Sihan AU - Li S AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 767430070@qq.com. FAU - Li, Menglin AU - Li M AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 236752142@qq.com. FAU - Lin, Fei AU - Lin F AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 849763124@qq.com. FAU - Mehmood, Khalid AU - Mehmood K AD - Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan. Electronic address: khalid.mehmood@iub.edu.pk. FAU - Idrees, Asif AU - Idrees A AD - KBCMA, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan. Electronic address: asif.idrees@uvas.edu.pk. FAU - Lin, Renzhao AU - Lin R AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 976272317@qq.com. FAU - Su, Yalin AU - Su Y AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 1147902582@qq.com. FAU - Wang, Chunkai AU - Wang C AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 836175237@qq.com. FAU - Shi, Dayou AU - Shi D AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: shidayou@scau.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20231013 PL - Ireland TA - J Ethnopharmacol JT - Journal of ethnopharmacology JID - 7903310 RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) RN - 0 (Claudin-1) RN - 0 (Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88) RN - 0 (Occludin) RN - 0 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6) RN - 0 (Transcription Factor AP-1) RN - 0 (Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing) RN - EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin A, Secretory) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chickens MH - *Influenza Vaccines MH - Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics MH - *Echinacea MH - *Influenza in Birds MH - Claudin-1 MH - Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 MH - Occludin MH - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 MH - Transcription Factor AP-1 MH - Immunization MH - Vaccination MH - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases MH - Immunoglobulin A, Secretory OTO - NOTNLM OT - Avian influenza virus OT - Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and its extracts OT - Immunomodulation OT - Intestinal immunity OT - TLR4-MAPK pathway COIS- Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2023/10/16 00:41 MHDA- 2023/11/21 06:42 CRDT- 2023/10/15 19:30 PHST- 2023/09/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/09/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/10/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/11/21 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/10/16 00:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/10/15 19:30 [entrez] AID - S0378-8741(23)01176-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117306 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 3):117306. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117306. Epub 2023 Oct 13.