PMID- 37861869
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240210
IS  - 2731-4383 (Electronic)
IS  - 2731-4383 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Oct 10
TI  - A prefrontal cortex alpha/delta switch controls the transition from positive to 
      negative affective states.
PG  - 19
LID - 10.1007/s44192-023-00044-3 [doi]
LID - 19
AB  - Positive and negative emotional states in rats can be studied by investigating 
      ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). Positive affect in rats is indexed by 50 kHz 
      hedonic USVs, and negative affect is indexed by 22 kHz aversive calls. We 
      examined the relationship of emotional states in rats using medial prefrontal 
      cortex (MPFC) quantitative electroencephalograms (qEEG) and found that hedonic 
      USVs were associated with active wake qEEG (high alpha/low delta power), and 
      aversive USVs occurred with groggy wake qEEG (low alpha/high delta). Further, 
      alpha frequency electrical stimulation of the MPFC induces hedonic calls and 
      reward-seeking behavior, whereas delta frequency stimulation produces aversive 
      calls and avoidance behavior. The brain region responsible for generating motor 
      output for USVs, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), shows a motor-evoked potential 
      that is temporally locked to the alpha (hedonic) and delta (aversive) 
      motor-evoked potential. Closed-loop alpha frequency electrical stimulation could 
      prevent delta qEEG and aversive USVs. At the neuronal circuit level, the alpha 
      rhythm was associated with synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the cortex, 
      whereas the delta rhythm was associated with synaptic depotentiation (LTD) in the 
      cortex. At the pharmacological level, NMDAR and growth factor modulation 
      regulated these forms of neuroplasticity. At the single neuron level, excitatory 
      neurons show increased activity in response to alpha frequencies and decreased 
      activity during delta frequencies. In humans, the feeling of joy increased alpha 
      and decreased delta power in frontal scalp qEEG, and the opposite response was 
      seen for sadness. Thus, the synchronization of alpha/delta oscillations through 
      the neuronal circuit responsible for emotional expression coordinates emotional 
      behavior, and the switch between active wake/positive affect and groggy 
      wake/negative affect is under the control of an LTP- LTD synaptic plasticity 
      mechanism.
CI  - (c) 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
FAU - Burgdorf, Jeffrey S
AU  - Burgdorf JS
AD  - Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 
      McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, 
      USA. j-burgdorf@northwestern.edu.
AD  - Gate Neurosciences Inc., Carmel, IN, 46032, USA. j-burgdorf@northwestern.edu.
FAU - Moskal, Joseph R
AU  - Moskal JR
AD  - Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 
      McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R43 CA199928/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R43CA199928/GF/NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231010
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Discov Ment Health
JT  - Discover mental health
JID - 9918350483906676
PMC - PMC10564693
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AMPA receptors
OT  - NMDA receptors
OT  - Positive affect
OT  - quantiative EEG
OT  - ultrasonic vocalizations
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/10/20 12:42
MHDA- 2023/10/20 12:43
PMCR- 2023/10/10
CRDT- 2023/10/20 11:10
PHST- 2023/04/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/20 12:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/20 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/20 11:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s44192-023-00044-3 [pii]
AID - 44 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s44192-023-00044-3 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Discov Ment Health. 2023 Oct 10;3(1):19. doi: 10.1007/s44192-023-00044-3.