PMID- 37865348
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231123
LR  - 20231204
IS  - 1573-2517 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-0327 (Linking)
VI  - 345
DP  - 2024 Jan 15
TI  - Association of serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in 
      the general population: A machine learning study.
PG  - 8-17
LID - S0165-0327(23)01313-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.123 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Humans have many opportunities to be exposed to aldehydes which have 
      potential mechanisms for causing depression. We aimed to explore the 
      relationships between serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive 
      symptoms in general population. METHODS: The data was extracted from the National 
      Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Depressive symptoms were 
      assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Weighted binomial logistic regression 
      and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to explore the 
      association of six individual aldehyde and mixed aldehydes with depressive 
      symptoms, respectively. Sex stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis were 
      conducted. RESULTS: A total of 701 participants were included. We found a 
      positive association between the highest (Q4) versus lowest quartile (Q1) of 
      butyraldehyde with depressive symptoms (OR: 2.86, 95 % CI: 1.22-6.68), and a 
      negative association between the Q3 versus Q1 of benzaldehyde (0.21, 0.07-0.60) 
      and isopentanaldehyde (0.28, 0.08-0.90) with depressive symptoms in 
      multivariate-adjusted model. The mixed aldehydes were positively associated with 
      depressive symptoms using BKMR model, and butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were 
      the dominant aldehydes. Several aldehydes, such as butyraldehyde and 
      benzaldehyde, interacted with each other in their effects on depressive symptoms. 
      The results of gender stratification analysis showed that butyraldehyde was the 
      major contributor to the total effect of aldehydes on depressive symptoms in 
      males, while heptanaldehyde was the dominant aldehyde in females. LIMITATIONS: 
      Causality cannot be inferred in this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS: Our 
      study indicated that mixed aldehydes can increase the risk of depressive 
      symptoms, of which butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the major contributing 
      aldehydes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ge, Lin
AU  - Ge L
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of 
      Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
FAU - Liu, Jin
AU  - Liu J
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of 
      Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
FAU - Kang, Xiao
AU  - Kang X
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of 
      Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
FAU - Wang, Weijing
AU  - Wang W
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of 
      Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic 
      address: wangwj793@126.com.
FAU - Zhang, Dongfeng
AU  - Zhang D
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of 
      Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic 
      address: zhangdf1961@126.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231021
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Affect Disord
JT  - Journal of affective disorders
JID - 7906073
RN  - H21352682A (butyraldehyde)
RN  - TA269SD04T (benzaldehyde)
RN  - 0 (Benzaldehydes)
RN  - 0 (Aldehydes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Depression/etiology
MH  - *Benzaldehydes
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Aldehydes
MH  - Machine Learning
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aldehydes
OT  - BKMR
OT  - Depression
OT  - Depressive symptoms
OT  - Mixed exposure
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/10/22 00:41
MHDA- 2023/11/23 06:42
CRDT- 2023/10/21 19:32
PHST- 2023/08/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/23 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/22 00:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/21 19:32 [entrez]
AID - S0165-0327(23)01313-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.123 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Affect Disord. 2024 Jan 15;345:8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.123. Epub 2023 
      Oct 21.