PMID- 37866581
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231124
LR  - 20231124
IS  - 1879-0003 (Electronic)
IS  - 0141-8130 (Linking)
VI  - 253
IP  - Pt 8
DP  - 2023 Dec 31
TI  - Properties and flame retardancy of polylactide composites incorporating tricresyl 
      phosphate and modified microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch 
      waste.
PG  - 127580
LID - S0141-8130(23)04478-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127580 [doi]
AB  - One of the major environmental issues that have an impact on humans, animals, and 
      their surroundings is plastic garbage. The use of biodegradable polymers in place 
      of traditional plastics is one of the best solutions to this significant issue. 
      The bio-circular-green (BCG) economic model is supported by the use of 
      microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a bio-filler for polylactide (PLA) 
      composites, which may also help to address the issue of improper plastic waste 
      management. This study explores the chemical modification of MCC derived from oil 
      palm empty fruit bunch waste (OPMC). Maleic anhydride-modified OPMC (MAMC) is 
      successfully synthesized by a solvent-free and low temperature heating procedure. 
      MAMC and tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were used as additives in PLA composites which 
      were processed by melt extrusion and compression molding. Characterization 
      studies confirmed the successful modification of MAMC and indicated that TCP 
      played a crucial role as an effective plasticizer and flame retardant for PLA. 
      All PLA/TCP composites showed significantly improved toughness and delayed 
      ignition. The appropriate TCP level was 10 phr. The incorporation of TCP and MAMC 
      resulted in a synergistic enhancement of impact strength and maintained excellent 
      flame inhibition. Moreover, the thermal stability of the PLA composites increased 
      with increments of MAMC.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Suparanon, Tunsuda
AU  - Suparanon T
AD  - Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 
      Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) 
      Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 
      90112, Thailand.
FAU - Phusunti, Neeranuch
AU  - Phusunti N
AD  - Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 
      Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) 
      Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 
      90112, Thailand.
FAU - Phetwarotai, Worasak
AU  - Phetwarotai W
AD  - Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 
      Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) 
      Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 
      90112, Thailand. Electronic address: w.phetwarotai@hotmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231020
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Biol Macromol
JT  - International journal of biological macromolecules
JID - 7909578
RN  - OP1R32D61U (microcrystalline cellulose)
RN  - 459TN2L5F5 (poly(lactide))
RN  - 0 (Tritolyl Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Polyesters)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Tritolyl Phosphates/analysis
MH  - Fruit/chemistry
MH  - Polyesters/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Flame retardant
OT  - Modification
OT  - Polylactide
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare they have no conflict of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2023/10/23 00:42
MHDA- 2023/11/24 06:42
CRDT- 2023/10/22 19:31
PHST- 2023/07/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/24 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/23 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/22 19:31 [entrez]
AID - S0141-8130(23)04478-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127580 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Dec 31;253(Pt 8):127580. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127580. Epub 2023 Oct 20.