PMID- 37868160 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231026 IS - 2632-7899 (Electronic) IS - 2632-7899 (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Jan TI - Comparing a Computerized Digit Symbol Test to a Pen-and-Paper Classic. PG - sgad027 LID - 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad027 [doi] LID - sgad027 AB - BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Processing speed dysfunction is a core feature of psychosis and predictive of conversion in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Although traditionally measured with pen-and-paper tasks, computerized digit symbol tasks are needed to meet the increasing demand for remote assessments. Therefore we: (1) assessed the relationship between traditional and computerized processing speed measurements; (2) compared effect sizes of impairment for progressive and persistent subgroups of CHR individuals on these tasks; and (3) explored causes contributing to task performance differences. STUDY DESIGN: Participants included 92 CHR individuals and 60 healthy controls who completed clinical interviews, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Symbol Coding test, the computerized TestMyBrain Digit Symbol Matching Test, a finger-tapping task, and a self-reported motor abilities measure. Correlations, Hedges' g, and linear models were utilized, respectively, to achieve the above aims. STUDY RESULTS: Task performance was strongly correlated (r = 0.505). A similar degree of impairment was seen between progressive (g = -0.541) and persistent (g = -0.417) groups on the paper version. The computerized task uniquely identified impairment for progressive individuals (g = -477), as the persistent group performed similarly to controls (g = -0.184). Motor abilities were related to the computerized version, but the paper version was more related to symptoms and psychosis risk level. CONCLUSIONS: The paper symbol coding task measures impairment throughout the CHR state, while the computerized version only identifies impairment in those with worsening symptomatology. These results may be reflective of sensitivity differences, an artifact of existing subgroups, or evidence of mechanistic differences. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the University of Maryland's school of medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. FAU - Pratt, Danielle N AU - Pratt DN AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1581-4317 AD - Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. FAU - Luther, Lauren AU - Luther L AD - Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. FAU - Kinney, Kyle S AU - Kinney KS AD - Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. FAU - Osborne, Kenneth Juston AU - Osborne KJ AD - Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. FAU - Corlett, Philip R AU - Corlett PR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5368-1992 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. FAU - Powers, Albert R 3rd AU - Powers AR 3rd AD - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. FAU - Woods, Scott W AU - Woods SW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3103-5228 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. FAU - Gold, James M AU - Gold JM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0109-9554 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Schiffman, Jason AU - Schiffman J AD - Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. FAU - Ellman, Lauren M AU - Ellman LM AD - Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. FAU - Strauss, Gregory P AU - Strauss GP AD - Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. AD - Department of Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. FAU - Walker, Elaine F AU - Walker EF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9798-8101 AD - Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. FAU - Zinbarg, Richard AU - Zinbarg R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2670-6330 AD - Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. FAU - Waltz, James A AU - Waltz JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9236-3719 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Silverstein, Steven M AU - Silverstein SM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0699-0960 AD - Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. FAU - Mittal, Vijay A AU - Mittal VA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9017-5119 AD - Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. AD - Institutes for Policy Research (IPR) and Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Psychiatry, Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 MH112613/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH112612/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH120089/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH120090/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH112545/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH116039/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 MH119438/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH120091/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH120088/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH120092/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 MH081988/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230928 PL - United States TA - Schizophr Bull Open JT - Schizophrenia bulletin open JID - 101770329 PMC - PMC10590153 OTO - NOTNLM OT - clinical high-risk for psychosis OT - cognition OT - computerized cognitive measure OT - persistent CHR syndrome OT - processing speed OT - progressive CHR syndrome EDAT- 2023/10/23 06:48 MHDA- 2023/10/23 06:49 PMCR- 2023/09/28 CRDT- 2023/10/23 04:34 PHST- 2023/10/23 06:49 [medline] PHST- 2023/10/23 06:48 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/10/23 04:34 [entrez] PHST- 2023/09/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - sgad027 [pii] AID - 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad027 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Schizophr Bull Open. 2023 Sep 28;4(1):sgad027. doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad027. eCollection 2023 Jan.