PMID- 37884090
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231204
LR  - 20240311
IS  - 1944-9097 (Electronic)
IS  - 0362-028X (Linking)
VI  - 86
IP  - 12
DP  - 2023 Dec
TI  - Before and After: Evaluation of Microbial and Organic Loads in Produce Handling 
      and Packing Operations with Diverse Cleaning and Sanitizing Procedures.
PG  - 100185
LID - S0362-028X(23)06869-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100185 [doi]
AB  - Inadequate cleaning and/or sanitation (C/S) of food contact surfaces (FCSs) has 
      been frequently reported during Produce Safety Rule inspections; however, limited 
      data are available evaluating the effectiveness of C/S processes in produce 
      operations. Different C/S practices were evaluated in four fresh produce 
      operations for their efficacy in reducing microbial and organic loads on various 
      FCSs. Microbial (aerobic plate counts; APC) and organic (ATP) loads were 
      quantified during production, after cleaning, and after sanitizing, if 
      applicable. Operations included: a berry packinghouse (BerryPK; wet cleaning), a 
      blueberry harvest contractor (BerryHC; cleaning + sanitizing, C+S), and two mixed 
      vegetable packinghouses (MixedV1; C+S, and MixedV2; rinsing + sanitizing, R+S). 
      Following wet cleaning, significant reductions in APCs (p < 0.05) were seen on 
      high-density polyethylene (HDPE) storage trays (n = 50) in BerryPK (3.1 +/- 0.9 to 
      2.5 +/- 0.7 log CFU/100 cm(2)). In BerryHC, a greater reduction in APCs was seen on 
      HDPE harvest buckets (n = 25) following C+S (3.8 +/- 0.5 to 1.1 +/- 0.4 log 
      CFU/100 cm(2)), compared to wet cleaning only in BerryPK. Stainless steel and 
      conveyor belt FCSs (n = 16) in MixedV1 were sampled, and a significant reduction 
      in APCs (p < 0.05) was observed when comparing in-use (4.8 +/- 1.3 log 
      CFU/100 cm(2)) to post-C+S (3.9 +/- 0.7 log CFU/100 cm(2)). When similar FCSs 
      (n = 17) were sampled in MixedV2, R+S also led to significant reduction in APCs 
      (3.3 +/- 0.6 to 1.9 +/- 0.6 log CFU/100 cm(2)) (p < 0.05). ATP testing in fresh 
      produce settings yielded inconsistent results, with no correlation between 
      organic and bacterial loads detected during production (R(2) = 0.00) across four 
      operations, and weak correlations observed after cleaning (R(2) = 0.18) and after 
      sanitation (R(2) = 0.33). The results from this study provide the foundational 
      basis for future research on practical and effective C/S methods tailored to the 
      produce industry.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ohman, Erik
AU  - Ohman E
AD  - Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, 1207 NW Naito Parkway, Portland, 
      OR 97209, USA.
FAU - Kilgore, Samantha
AU  - Kilgore S
AD  - Wiegand Hall, Oregon State University, 3051 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, 
      USA.
FAU - Waite-Cusic, Joy
AU  - Waite-Cusic J
AD  - Wiegand Hall, Oregon State University, 3051 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, 
      USA.
FAU - Kovacevic, Jovana
AU  - Kovacevic J
AD  - Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, 1207 NW Naito Parkway, Portland, 
      OR 97209, USA. Electronic address: jovana.kovacevic@oregonstate.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20231024
PL  - United States
TA  - J Food Prot
JT  - Journal of food protection
JID - 7703944
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - 8L70Q75FXE (Adenosine Triphosphate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Colony Count, Microbial
MH  - *Food Handling
MH  - *Polyethylene
MH  - Bacterial Load
MH  - Fruit
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate
MH  - Food Microbiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ATP
OT  - Cleaning and sanitizing
OT  - Food contact surfaces
OT  - Fruits and Vegetables
OT  - Microbial loads
OT  - Organic loads
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/10/27 00:42
MHDA- 2023/12/04 12:42
CRDT- 2023/10/26 19:20
PHST- 2023/05/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/04 12:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/27 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/26 19:20 [entrez]
AID - S0362-028X(23)06869-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100185 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Food Prot. 2023 Dec;86(12):100185. doi: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100185. Epub 2023 
      Oct 24.