PMID- 37887101
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231030
LR  - 20231112
IS  - 2079-6374 (Electronic)
IS  - 2079-6374 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 Sep 27
TI  - pH Quantification in Human Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using Ultra-Thin SOI Silicon 
      Nanowire ISFETs and a High-Sensitivity Constant-Current Approach.
LID - 10.3390/bios13100908 [doi]
LID - 908
AB  - In this paper, we propose a novel approach to utilize silicon nanowires as 
      high-sensitivity pH sensors. Our approach works based on fixing the current bias 
      of silicon nanowires Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFETs) and monitor 
      the resulting drain voltage as the sensing signal. By fine tuning the injected 
      current levels, we can optimize the sensing conditions according to different 
      sensor requirements. This method proves to be highly suitable for real-time and 
      continuous measurements of biomarkers in human biofluids. To validate our 
      approach, we conducted experiments, with real human sera samples to simulate the 
      composition of human interstitial fluid (ISF), using both the conventional 
      top-gate approach and the optimized constant current method. We successfully 
      demonstrated pH sensing within the physiopathological range of 6.5 to 8, 
      achieving an exceptional level of accuracy in this complex matrix. Specifically, 
      we obtained a maximum error as low as 0.92% (equivalent to 0.07 pH unit) using 
      the constant-current method at the optimal current levels (1.71% for top-gate). 
      Moreover, by utilizing different pools of human sera with varying total protein 
      content, we demonstrated that the protein content among patients does not impact 
      the sensors' performance in pH sensing. Furthermore, we tested real-human ISF 
      samples collected from volunteers. The obtained accuracy in this scenario was 
      also outstanding, with an error as low as 0.015 pH unit using the 
      constant-current method and 0.178 pH unit in traditional top-gate configuration.
FAU - Sprunger, Yann
AU  - Sprunger Y
AD  - Xsensio SA, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
AD  - Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne 
      (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
FAU - Capua, Luca
AU  - Capua L
AD  - Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne 
      (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
FAU - Ernst, Thomas
AU  - Ernst T
AD  - CEA, LETI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
FAU - Barraud, Sylvain
AU  - Barraud S
AD  - CEA, LETI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
FAU - Locca, Didier
AU  - Locca D
AD  - Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne 
      (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
AD  - Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research 
      Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
FAU - Ionescu, Adrian
AU  - Ionescu A
AD  - Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne 
      (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
FAU - Saeidi, Ali
AU  - Saeidi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1637-3269
AD  - Xsensio SA, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230927
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biosensors (Basel)
JT  - Biosensors
JID - 101609191
RN  - Z4152N8IUI (Silicon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Transistors, Electronic
MH  - Silicon/chemistry
MH  - *Nanowires/chemistry
MH  - Extracellular Fluid
MH  - *Biosensing Techniques/methods
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PMC - PMC10605508
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ISFETs
OT  - biosensor
OT  - constant current
OT  - human interstitial fluid
OT  - pH
OT  - silicon nanowires
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/10/27 12:42
MHDA- 2023/10/30 06:46
PMCR- 2023/09/27
CRDT- 2023/10/27 06:53
PHST- 2023/08/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/09/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/30 06:46 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/27 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/27 06:53 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/09/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - bios13100908 [pii]
AID - biosensors-13-00908 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/bios13100908 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Sep 27;13(10):908. doi: 10.3390/bios13100908.