PMID- 37901208
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231031
LR  - 20231106
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2023
TI  - Current knowledge of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in Whipple 
      disease: a review.
PG  - 1265414
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265414 [doi]
LID - 1265414
AB  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is characterized by 
      exaggerated and dysregulated inflammatory responses that occur as a result of 
      reconstitution of adaptive or innate immunity. A wide range of microorganisms 
      have been found to be associated with IRIS, such as human immunodeficiency virus 
      (HIV), Mycobacterium and actinobacteria. Whipple disease (WD) is an infectious 
      disorder caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) 
      and IRIS also serves as a complication during its treament. Although many of 
      these pathological mechanisms are shared with related inflammatory disorders, 
      IRIS in WD exhibits distinct features and is poorly described in the medical 
      literature. Novel investigations of the intestinal mucosal immune system have 
      provided new insights into the pathogenesis of IRIS, elucidating the interplay 
      between systemic and local immune responses. These insights may be used to 
      identify monitoring tools for disease prevention and to develop treatment 
      strategies. Therefore, this review synthesizes these new concepts in WD IRIS to 
      approach the feasibility of manipulating host immunity and immune reconstitution 
      of inflammatory syndromes from a newer, more comprehensive perspective and study 
      hypothetical options for the management of WD IRIS.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Song, Duan, Duan and Wei.
FAU - Song, Xiangyi
AU  - Song X
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second 
      Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China.
FAU - Duan, Ruifeng
AU  - Duan R
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second 
      Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China.
FAU - Duan, Liwei
AU  - Duan L
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second 
      Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China.
FAU - Wei, Lijuan
AU  - Wei L
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second 
      Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231013
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Whipple Disease/drug therapy
MH  - *Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/etiology
MH  - *Immune Reconstitution
MH  - *Actinobacteria
MH  - Immunity, Innate
PMC - PMC10611461
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Whipple disease
OT  - immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
OT  - intestinal barrier
OT  - microbial translocation
OT  - regulatory cells
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/10/30 06:47
MHDA- 2023/10/31 06:42
PMCR- 2023/01/01
CRDT- 2023/10/30 04:47
PHST- 2023/07/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/31 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/30 06:47 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/30 04:47 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265414 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2023 Oct 13;14:1265414. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265414. 
      eCollection 2023.