PMID- 37901946
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240103
LR  - 20240103
IS  - 1939-9170 (Electronic)
IS  - 0012-9658 (Linking)
VI  - 105
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Jan
TI  - Elevated temperatures shift flower head height distributions and seed dispersal 
      patterns in two invasive thistle species.
PG  - e4201
LID - 10.1002/ecy.4201 [doi]
AB  - Climate change may significantly alter how organisms disperse, with implications 
      for population spread and species management. Wind-dispersed plants have emerged 
      as a useful study system for investigating how climate change affects dispersal, 
      although studies modeling wind dispersal often assume propagules are released 
      from a single point on an individual. This simplifying assumption, while useful, 
      may misestimate dispersal. Here, we investigate the effects of climate change on 
      dispersal distances and spread rates, examining how these quantities shift when 
      accounting for all points of seed release on an individual. Using the 
      wind-dispersed invasive thistles Carduus nutans and Carduus acanthoides, we 
      quantify temperature-driven shifts in the distribution of flower head heights 
      using a passive warming field experiment, and estimate how these shifts affect 
      dispersal using the Wald analytical long-distance (WALD) model; for C. nutans, we 
      use existing demographic data to simulate how these shifts affect population 
      spread rates. We also compare dispersal distances for both warmed and ambient 
      temperature plants, considering the entire distribution of flower head heights 
      versus the common assumption of point-source seed release at the maximum height. 
      For experimentally grown individuals, an ~0.6 degrees C higher growing temperature 
      increased mean and maximum flower head height by 14.1 cm (15.0%) and 14.0 cm 
      (13.2%), respectively, in C. nutans and by 21.2 cm (26.6%) and 31.8 cm (36.7%), 
      respectively, in C. acanthoides. Seeds from warmed individuals were more likely 
      to exceed a given dispersal distance than those from their unwarmed counterparts; 
      warmed C. nutans and C. acanthoides seeds were on average 1.36 and 1.71 times as 
      likely, respectively, to travel 10 m or more in dispersal simulations, with this 
      disparity increasing at longer dispersal distances. For C. nutans, increased 
      growing temperatures boosted simulated rates of population spread by 42.2%, while 
      assuming dispersal from a maximum height point source rather than the true 
      distribution of flower head heights increased simulated spread by up to 28.5%. 
      Our results not only demonstrate faster population spread under increased 
      temperatures, but also have substantial implications for modeling such spread, as 
      the common simplifying assumption of dispersal from a single maximum height 
      source may substantially overestimate spread rates.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The 
      Ecological Society of America.
FAU - Drees, Trevor H
AU  - Drees TH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3748-8762
AD  - Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 
      University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
FAU - Shea, Katriona
AU  - Shea K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7607-8248
AD  - Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 
      University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231130
PL  - United States
TA  - Ecology
JT  - Ecology
JID - 0043541
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Introduced Species
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Inflorescence
MH  - *Seed Dispersal
MH  - Seeds
MH  - *Carduus
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carduus acanthoides
OT  - Carduus nutans
OT  - climate change
OT  - dispersal kernel
OT  - invasive species
OT  - weed
OT  - wind dispersal
EDAT- 2023/10/30 06:46
MHDA- 2024/01/03 09:42
CRDT- 2023/10/30 05:26
PHST- 2023/08/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/03 09:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/30 06:46 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/30 05:26 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/ecy.4201 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ecology. 2024 Jan;105(1):e4201. doi: 10.1002/ecy.4201. Epub 2023 Nov 30.