PMID- 37905994
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240202
LR  - 20240206
IS  - 1473-5571 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-9370 (Print)
IS  - 0269-9370 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 3
DP  - 2024 Mar 1
TI  - Auditory neural processing in children living with HIV uncovers underlying 
      central nervous system dysfunction.
PG  - 289-298
LID - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003771 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Central nervous system (CNS) damage from HIV infection or treatment 
      can lead to developmental delays and poor educational outcomes in children living 
      with HIV (CLWH). Early markers of central nervous system dysfunction are needed 
      to target interventions and prevent life-long disability. The frequency following 
      response (FFR) is an auditory electrophysiology test that can reflect the health 
      of the central nervous system. In this study, we explore whether the FFR reveals 
      auditory central nervous system dysfunction in CLWH. STUDY DESIGN: 
      Cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing cohort study. Data were from the child's 
      first visit in the study. SETTING: The infectious disease center in Dar es 
      Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS: We collected the FFR from 151 CLWH and 151 
      HIV-negative children. To evoke the FFR, three speech syllabi (/da/, /ba/, /ga/) 
      were played monaurally to the child's right ear. Response measures included 
      neural timing (peak latencies), strength of frequency encoding (fundamental 
      frequency and first formant amplitude), encoding consistency (inter-response 
      consistency), and encoding precision (stimulus-to-response correlation). RESULTS: 
      CLWH showed smaller first formant amplitudes ( P  < 0.0001), weaker 
      inter-response consistencies ( P  < 0.0001) and smaller stimulus to response 
      correlations ( P  < 0.0001) than FFRs from HIV-negative children. These findings 
      generalized across the three speech stimuli with moderately strong effect sizes 
      (partial eta2 ranged from 0.061 to 0.094). CONCLUSION: The FFR shows auditory 
      central nervous system dysfunction in CLWH. Neural encoding of auditory stimuli 
      was less robust, more variable, and less accurate. As the FFR is a passive and 
      objective test, it may offer an effective way to assess and detect central 
      nervous system function in CLWH.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ealer, Christin
AU  - Ealer C
AD  - Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 
      Hanover.
FAU - Niemczak, Christopher E
AU  - Niemczak CE
AD  - Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 
      Hanover.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.
FAU - Nicol, Trent
AU  - Nicol T
AD  - Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, 
      Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
FAU - Magohe, Albert
AU  - Magohe A
AD  - Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
FAU - Bonacina, Silvia
AU  - Bonacina S
AD  - Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, 
      Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
FAU - Zhang, Ziyin
AU  - Zhang Z
AD  - Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 
      Hanover.
FAU - Rieke, Catherine
AU  - Rieke C
AD  - Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 
      Hanover.
FAU - Leigh, Samantha
AU  - Leigh S
AD  - Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 
      Hanover.
FAU - Kobrina, Anastasiya
AU  - Kobrina A
AD  - Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 
      Hanover.
FAU - Lichtenstein, Jonathan
AU  - Lichtenstein J
AD  - Department of Psychiatry.
AD  - The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of 
      Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH.
FAU - Massawe, Enica R
AU  - Massawe ER
AD  - Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
FAU - Kraus, Nina
AU  - Kraus N
AD  - Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, 
      Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
AD  - Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, 
      Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
FAU - Buckey, Jay C
AU  - Buckey JC
AD  - Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 
      Hanover.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HD095277/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231027
PL  - England
TA  - AIDS
JT  - AIDS (London, England)
JID - 8710219
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Humans
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *HIV Infections/complications
MH  - Acoustic Stimulation
MH  - Tanzania
MH  - Central Nervous System
PMC - PMC10841987
MID - NIHMS1940714
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. We confirm that 
      this work has not been submitted to another journal.
EDAT- 2023/10/31 12:42
MHDA- 2024/02/02 06:43
PMCR- 2025/03/01
CRDT- 2023/10/31 10:03
PHST- 2025/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
PHST- 2024/02/02 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/10/31 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/10/31 10:03 [entrez]
AID - 00002030-990000000-00380 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003771 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - AIDS. 2024 Mar 1;38(3):289-298. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003771. Epub 2023 Oct 
      27.