PMID- 37916089
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231103
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 Oct
TI  - Potential health risks of foodborne performance-enhancing drugs in competitive 
      sports.
PG  - e21104
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21104 [doi]
LID - e21104
AB  - Athletes need to consume a significant amount of energy during prolonged training 
      and in high-intensity competition. It is necessary for them to take nutritional 
      foods that recharge their bodies. However, in sporting events of recent years, 
      both domestic and international, many positive drug tests are found to be caused 
      by the ingestion of foods that contain performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). As a 
      result, the prevention and control of PEDs in food supply have drawn increasing 
      attention. For better prevention and control, the first step is to understand the 
      food contaminants -- PEDs. This study has categorized PEDs through their presence 
      in animal-derived foods, plant-derived foods, and synthetic nutritional 
      supplements in competitive sports. It investigates the potential risks of 
      foodborne doping using techniques such as external addition and endogenous 
      component analysis. This research explored the causes of PEDs in food and their 
      negative effects on athletes and proposed measures to ensure the safety of 
      nutritional substances in competitive sports. PEDs in animal-derived foods 
      include beta-adrenergic agonists, anabolic steroids, and glucocorticoids, which can 
      be found in meat and ox penis, amongst other food sources. In contrast, PEDs in 
      plant-derived foods include alkaloids, higenamine, and zeranol, which can be 
      found in coffee, tea, Sichuan pepper, custard apple, and cereal. 
      Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) that are often added to synthetic supplements 
      include creatine, traditional Chinese herbs, 1, 3-dimethylbutylamine (DMAA), 
      sibutramine, ephedrine, and methylhexanamine. Targeted anti-doping training 
      should be provided to athletes. In addition, the latest domestic and 
      international standards and regulations regarding PEDs or prohibited and 
      restricted ingredients in foods should be tracked in real-time. The control list 
      for performance-enhancing drugs in food should be continually updated and 
      refined. Research on detection methods for performance-enhancing drugs in food 
      should also be advanced. Moreover, market surveillance and law enforcement should 
      be strengthened to ensure that sports foods meet national safety standards before 
      they enter the market. This paper provides workable solutions to clarify the 
      types and scope of performance-enhancing drugs in food, aiming to improve the 
      prevention and control of PEDs in animal-derived foods, plant-derived foods, and 
      supplements in major sporting events.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors.
FAU - Wei, Maoqiong
AU  - Wei M
AD  - Agri-Food Quality Standard & Testing Technology Institute, Yunnan Academy of 
      Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China.
FAU - Wang, Ju'an
AU  - Wang J
AD  - College of Sport of Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231017
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10616320
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Competitive sports
OT  - Foodborne performance-enhancing drugs
OT  - Health risk factors
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2023/11/02 06:42
MHDA- 2023/11/02 06:43
PMCR- 2023/10/17
CRDT- 2023/11/02 04:13
PHST- 2023/06/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/02 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/02 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/02 04:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)08312-3 [pii]
AID - e21104 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21104 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Oct 17;9(10):e21104. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21104. 
      eCollection 2023 Oct.