PMID- 37917338
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231106
LR  - 20231227
IS  - 1573-2959 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Print)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Linking)
VI  - 195
IP  - 12
DP  - 2023 Nov 2
TI  - Landfill site selection using MCDM methods and GIS in the central part of the 
      Nile Delta, Egypt.
PG  - 1407
LID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11946-8 [doi]
LID - 1407
AB  - One of the most prevalent and serious issues afflicting developing countries is 
      the lack of adequate space for waste disposal. Al-Gharbia Governorate, located in 
      the middle of the Nile Delta in Egypt, suffers from random selection of sites for 
      solid waste disposal, resulting in significant environmental challenges. The aim 
      of this study is to determine optimal landfill locations within Al-Gharbia 
      Governorate and validate the existing landfill sites. Four techniques of 
      multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) were applied to generate suitability maps 
      for the Governorate: the analytical hierarchy procedure (AHP), ratio scale 
      weighting (RSW), straight rank sum (SRS), and Boolean method. Eleven effective 
      criteria were considered: groundwater, surface water, elevation, slope, soils, 
      land use, roads, railways, urban areas, villages, and power lines. The 
      suitability maps were categorized into four different classes: suitable, 
      moderately suitable, low suitable, and unsuitable. The latest suitability map was 
      determined by combining the results from the different methods, providing 
      decision-makers with the means to select the optimal landfill site. The suitable 
      zone encompasses a small area (3%), predominantly located in the northeast region 
      (Al-Mahalla), central region (Tanta), and northern region (Kotour). Conversely, 
      the unsuitable area covers a substantial portion (72.7%) due to the agricultural 
      nature of the governorate, high population density, and elevated groundwater 
      levels. Furthermore, all existing landfill sites fall within unsuitable or low 
      suitable areas, inflicting severe impacts on the nearby environment, public 
      health, and groundwater integrity.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s).
FAU - Armanuos, Asaad M
AU  - Armanuos AM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4134-0429
AD  - Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 
      Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. asaad.matter@f-eng.tanta.edu.eg.
FAU - Elgaafary, Khaled A
AU  - Elgaafary KA
AD  - Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 
      Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
FAU - Gado, Tamer A
AU  - Gado TA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4367-2902
AD  - Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 
      Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231102
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Monit Assess
JT  - Environmental monitoring and assessment
JID - 8508350
RN  - 0 (Solid Waste)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Geographic Information Systems
MH  - Egypt
MH  - Decision Support Techniques
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - *Refuse Disposal/methods
MH  - Waste Disposal Facilities
MH  - Solid Waste
PMC - PMC10622390
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Groundwater
OT  - Groundwater level
OT  - Landfill
OT  - Multi-criteria decision-making
OT  - Nile Delta
OT  - Suitability maps
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/11/02 18:43
MHDA- 2023/11/06 06:42
PMCR- 2023/11/02
CRDT- 2023/11/02 12:13
PHST- 2023/04/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/06 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/02 18:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/02 12:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11946-8 [pii]
AID - 11946 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11946-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Nov 2;195(12):1407. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11946-8.