PMID- 37929287
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231107
IS  - 2297-1769 (Print)
IS  - 2297-1769 (Electronic)
IS  - 2297-1769 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2023
TI  - Virulent Newcastle disease virus genotypes V.3, VII.2, and XIII.1.1 and their 
      coinfections with infectious bronchitis viruses and other avian pathogens in 
      backyard chickens in Tanzania.
PG  - 1272402
LID - 10.3389/fvets.2023.1272402 [doi]
LID - 1272402
AB  - Oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal (CL) swabs from 2049 adult backyard chickens 
      collected at 12 live bird markets, two each in Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Iringa, 
      Mbeya, Morogoro and Tanga regions of Tanzania were screened for Newcastle disease 
      virus (NDV) using reverse transcription real-time PCR (rRT-PCR). The virus was 
      confirmed in 25.23% of the birds (n = 517; rRT-PCR C(T) </= 30), with the highest 
      positivity rates observed in birds from Dar es Salaam region with higher 
      prevalence during the dry season (September-November 2018) compared to the rainy 
      season (January and April-May 2019). Next-generation sequencing of OP/CL samples 
      of 20 out of 32 birds that had high amounts of viral RNAs (C(T) </= 25) resulted in 
      the assembly of 18 complete and two partial genome sequences (15,192 bp and 
      15,045-15,190 bp in length, respectively) of NDV sub-genotypes V.3, VII.2 and 
      XIII.1.1 (n = 1, 13 and 4 strains, respectively). Two birds had mixed NDV 
      infections (V.3/VII.2 and VII.2/XIII.1.1), and nine were coinfected with viruses 
      of families Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, 
      Pneumoviridae, and Reoviridae. Of the coinfecting viruses, complete genome 
      sequences of two avastroviruses (a recombinant chicken astrovirus antigenic 
      group-Aii and avian nephritis virus genogroup-5) and two infectious bronchitis 
      viruses (a turkey coronavirus-like recombinant and a GI-19 virus) were 
      determined. The fusion (F) protein F(1)/F(2) cleavage sites of the Tanzanian NDVs 
      have the consensus motifs (112) RRRKR downward arrowF (117) (VII.2 strains) and (112) RRQKR downward arrowF 
      (117) (V.3 and XIII.1.1 strains) consistent with virulent virus; virulence was 
      confirmed by intracerebral pathogenicity index scores of 1.66-1.88 in 1-day-old 
      chicks using nine of the 20 isolates. Phylogenetically, the complete F-gene and 
      full genome sequences regionally cluster the Tanzanian NDVs with, but distinctly 
      from, other strains previously reported in eastern and southern African 
      countries. These data contribute to the understanding of NDV epidemiology in 
      Tanzania and the region.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Kariithi, Volkening, Chiwanga, Goraichuk, Olivier, Msoffe and 
      Suarez.
FAU - Kariithi, Henry M
AU  - Kariithi HM
AD  - Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry 
      Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research 
      Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States.
AD  - Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research 
      Organization, Nairobi, Kenya.
FAU - Volkening, Jeremy D
AU  - Volkening JD
AD  - BASE2BIO, Oshkosh, WI, United States.
FAU - Chiwanga, Gaspar H
AU  - Chiwanga GH
AD  - Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Mtwara, Tanzania.
FAU - Goraichuk, Iryna V
AU  - Goraichuk IV
AD  - Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry 
      Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research 
      Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States.
AD  - National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Veterinary Medicine, 
      Kharkiv, Ukraine.
FAU - Olivier, Tim L
AU  - Olivier TL
AD  - Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry 
      Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research 
      Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States.
FAU - Msoffe, Peter L M
AU  - Msoffe PLM
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of 
      Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
AD  - National Ranching Company Ltd., Dodoma, Tanzania.
FAU - Suarez, David L
AU  - Suarez DL
AD  - Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry 
      Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research 
      Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231019
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Vet Sci
JT  - Frontiers in veterinary science
JID - 101666658
PMC - PMC10625407
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Avastrovirus
OT  - IBV GI-19
OT  - ICPI
OT  - NGS
OT  - Newcastle disease
OT  - rRT-PCR
COIS- PM was employed by the National Ranching Company Ltd. The remaining authors 
      declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or 
      financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2023/11/06 06:42
MHDA- 2023/11/06 06:43
PMCR- 2023/01/01
CRDT- 2023/11/06 04:50
PHST- 2023/08/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/06 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/06 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/06 04:50 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fvets.2023.1272402 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Vet Sci. 2023 Oct 19;10:1272402. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1272402. 
      eCollection 2023.