PMID- 37947831
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231113
LR  - 20231119
IS  - 1550-2783 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Dec
TI  - Prevalence and adverse effects of sport-related nutritional supplements (sport 
      drinks, bars, and gels) in the military before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: 
      the US Military Dietary Supplement Use Study.
PG  - 2277246
LID - 10.1080/15502783.2023.2277246 [doi]
LID - 2277246
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sport-related nutritional supplements (SRNS) include sport drinks, 
      sport bars, and sport gels. This investigation examined temporal patterns in SRNS 
      use and adverse effects (AEs) reported by a single cohort of United States 
      active-duty service members (SMs) surveyed before and during the coronavirus 
      disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: A stratified random sample 
      (n = 22,858) of SMs (Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps) who completed a 
      questionnaire on their SRNS use and AE experiences and were still on active duty 
      were asked to complete the identical questionnaire on a second occasion. 
      Twenty-five percent of successfully contacted SMs completed both questionnaires 
      (n = 5,778) and were included in this investigation. The average +/- standard 
      deviation time between questionnaires was 1.3 +/- 0.2 years. RESULTS: Prevalence of 
      reported SRNS use >/=1 time/week in the baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU) phases 
      were as follows: any SRNS: BL = 46%, FU = 41%; sport drinks: BL = 31%, FU = 28%; 
      sport bars: BL = 30%, FU = 24%; sport gels: BL = 4%, FU = 4%. Reported weekly 
      aerobic and resistance training durations were reduced in the FU period (8% and 
      26%, respectively). The proportion of SMs reporting SRNS use in both study phases 
      was as follows: any SRNS = 62%, sport drinks = 54%, sport bars = 50%, sport 
      gels = 35%. Prevalence of reported AEs in the BL and FU phases were as follows: 
      any SRNS: BL = 1.9%, FU = 1.9%; sport drinks: BL = 1.0%, FU = 1.3%; sport bars: 
      BL = 1.7%, FU = 1.4%; sport gels: BL = 3.3%, FU = 2.5%. The proportion of SMs 
      reporting AEs in both phases was as follows: any SRNS = 14%, sport drinks = 11%, 
      sport bars = 17%, sport gels = 0%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall SRNS use prevalence 
      decreased slightly in the FU period, possibly because of reduced physical 
      training related to military restrictions imposed during the emergence of 
      COVID-19 between surveys. A large proportion of SMs reported changing their use 
      patterns in the FU with some discontinuing use and others initiating use. The AE 
      incidence was similarly low in the BL and FU phases, and few SMs reported AEs in 
      both phases suggesting AEs were transitory. AE reporting for SRNSs was much lower 
      than previously found for dietary supplements, possibly because of greater 
      government regulatory control over SRNSs.
FAU - Knapik, Joseph J
AU  - Knapik JJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1568-1860
AD  - US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition 
      Division, Natick, MA, USA.
FAU - Trone, Daniel W
AU  - Trone DW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7936-3589
AD  - Military Population Health Directorate, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, 
      CA, USA.
FAU - Steelman, Ryan A
AU  - Steelman RA
AD  - Clinical Public Health & Epidemiology, Defense Centers for Public Health - 
      Aberdeen, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
FAU - Farina, Emily K
AU  - Farina EK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0744-3624
AD  - US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition 
      Division, Natick, MA, USA.
FAU - Lieberman, Harris R
AU  - Lieberman HR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1519-0156
AD  - US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition 
      Division, Natick, MA, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231110
PL  - United States
TA  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr
JT  - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
JID - 101234168
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - United States/epidemiology
MH  - Pandemics
MH  - *Military Personnel
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - *COVID-19
MH  - Dietary Supplements
PMC - PMC10653656
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Nutrition
OT  - age
OT  - body mass index
OT  - dietary supplements
OT  - gender
OT  - physical activity
COIS- No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
EDAT- 2023/11/10 12:45
MHDA- 2023/11/13 06:42
PMCR- 2023/11/10
CRDT- 2023/11/10 11:04
PHST- 2023/11/13 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/10 12:45 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/10 11:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 2277246 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/15502783.2023.2277246 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2023 Dec;20(1):2277246. doi: 
      10.1080/15502783.2023.2277246. Epub 2023 Nov 10.