PMID- 37952092
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240202
LR  - 20240401
IS  - 1945-2403 (Electronic)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Print)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Linking)
VI  - 48
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Jan 31
TI  - Five cases of unintentional exposure to BZO-4en-POXIZID among nightclub attendees 
      in New York City.
PG  - 75-80
LID - 10.1093/jat/bkad086 [doi]
AB  - A new class of synthetic cannabinoids called OXIZIDs has emerged in recent years. 
      This class consists of compounds with oxindole cores and hydrazide/hydrazone 
      linker moieties and has often been described as being designed to circumvent a 
      Chinese class-wide ban that was effective as of 1 July 2021. However, through 
      hair testing of nightclub attendees in New York City-a high-risk population for 
      recreational drug use-we have evidence suggesting exposures to an OXIZID called 
      BZO-4en-POXIZID (4en-pentyl MDA-19) prior to the effective ban. Through analysis 
      of 6 cm segmented hair samples from attendees collected in 2021, we detected five 
      cases of exposure. Specifically, we detected a cluster of three cases based on 
      hair samples collected on 20 June 2021, and then two additional cases from 
      samples collected on 16 July 2021. Four of these hair samples were long enough to 
      analyze two 6 cm hair segments (representing approximately two 6-month 
      timeframes) and three of four of these cases tested positive for repeated 
      exposure (for an estimated exposure over 6 months prior to hair collection). All 
      cases included young adult females reporting past-year cannabis use but all 
      tested negative for tetrahydrocannabinol exposure. Three cases also reported 
      past-year use of cocaine, ecstasy, and/or ketamine, and four cases tested 
      positive for exposure to cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methamphetamine and/or eutylone. These 
      subjects were exposed to BZO-4en-POXIZID-likely as an adulterant in other drugs, 
      and these cases are among the first documented cases which occurred approximately 
      half a year before the Chinese legislative ban.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. 
      For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Palamar, Joseph J
AU  - Palamar JJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8565-9415
AD  - Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison 
      Avenue, Room 1752, New York, NY 10016, USA.
FAU - Massano, Marta
AU  - Massano M
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via Giuria 5, Turin 10125, Italy.
FAU - Salomone, Alberto
AU  - Salomone A
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via Giuria 5, Turin 10125, Italy.
AD  - Centro Regionale Antidoping, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (TO) 10043, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA044207/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA057289/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J Anal Toxicol
JT  - Journal of analytical toxicology
JID - 7705085
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 4764-17-4 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Young Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - New York City/epidemiology
MH  - *Illicit Drugs/analysis
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/analysis
MH  - *Methamphetamine/analysis
MH  - *3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/analysis
MH  - *Cocaine/analysis
PMC - PMC10981447
EDAT- 2023/11/12 06:42
MHDA- 2024/02/02 06:42
PMCR- 2024/11/10
CRDT- 2023/11/12 03:40
PHST- 2023/05/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/11/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
PHST- 2024/02/02 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/12 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/12 03:40 [entrez]
AID - 7408625 [pii]
AID - bkad086 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/jat/bkad086 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Anal Toxicol. 2024 Jan 31;48(1):75-80. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkad086.