PMID- 37960161
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231115
LR  - 20231117
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 21
DP  - 2023 Oct 24
TI  - Under-Fuelling for the Work Required? Assessment of Dietary Practices and 
      Physical Loading of Adolescent Female Soccer Players during an Intensive 
      International Training and Game Schedule.
LID - 10.3390/nu15214508 [doi]
LID - 4508
AB  - Previous studies demonstrate that "under-fuelling" (i.e., reduced carbohydrate 
      (CHO) and energy intake (EI) in relation to recommended guidelines) is prevalent 
      within adult female soccer players, the consequence of which may have acute 
      performance and chronic health implications. However, the dietary practices of 
      adolescent female soccer players, a population who may be particularly at risk 
      for the negative aspects of low energy availability (LEA), are not well 
      documented. Accordingly, we aimed to quantify EI and CHO intake, physical loading 
      and estimated energy availability (EA) in elite national team adolescent female 
      soccer players (n = twenty-three; age, 17.9 +/- 0.5 years) during a 10-day training 
      and game schedule comprising two match days on day six (MDa) and nine (MDb). The 
      players self-reported their EI via the remote food photography method, whilst the 
      physical loading and associated exercise energy expenditure were assessed via GPS 
      technology. The relative CHO intake was significantly greater (all p < 0.05) on 
      the day before the first match (MD-1a) (4.1 +/- 0.8 g.kg(-1)), on the day before 
      the second match (MD-1b) (4.3 +/- 1.1 g.kg(-1)), MDa (4.8 +/- 1.2 g.kg(-1)) and MDb 
      (4.8 +/- 1.4 g.kg(-1)) in comparison to most other days (<4 g.kg(-1)). The mean 
      daily measured EA over the 10-day period was 34 +/- 12 kcal.kg FFM(-1).day(-1) 
      (with six players, i.e., 34%, presenting LEA), though, when adjusting the energy 
      intake for potential under-reporting, these values changed substantially (44 +/- 14 
      kcal.kg FFM(-1).day(-1), only one player was classed as presenting LEA). Such 
      data suggest that the prevalence of LEA amongst female team sport athletes may be 
      over-estimated. Nonetheless, players are still likely under-fuelling for the work 
      required in relation to the daily CHO recommendations (i.e., >6 g.kg(-1)) for 
      intensive training and game schedules. These data provide further evidence for 
      the requirement to create and deliver targeted player and stakeholder education 
      and behaviour change interventions (especially for younger athletes) that aim to 
      promote increased daily CHO intake in female soccer players.
FAU - McHaffie, Samuel J
AU  - McHaffie SJ
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
FAU - Langan-Evans, Carl
AU  - Langan-Evans C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1120-6592
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
FAU - Strauss, Juliette A
AU  - Strauss JA
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
FAU - Areta, Jose L
AU  - Areta JL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6918-1223
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
FAU - Rosimus, Christopher
AU  - Rosimus C
AD  - The Football Association, St George's Park, Newborough Road, Needwood, 
      Burton-Upon-Trent DE13 9PD, UK.
FAU - Evans, Martin
AU  - Evans M
AD  - The Football Association, St George's Park, Newborough Road, Needwood, 
      Burton-Upon-Trent DE13 9PD, UK.
FAU - Waghorn, Ruth
AU  - Waghorn R
AD  - The Football Association, St George's Park, Newborough Road, Needwood, 
      Burton-Upon-Trent DE13 9PD, UK.
FAU - Morton, James P
AU  - Morton JP
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - R255298/The Football Association/
GR  - R255298/Science in Sport (plc)/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231024
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Female
MH  - *Soccer
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates
MH  - Energy Intake
MH  - Physical Examination
MH  - Exercise
MH  - Energy Metabolism
PMC - PMC10649861
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - carbohydrate
OT  - energy availability
OT  - energy intake
COIS- James P. Morton is a consultant to Science in Sport (plc).
EDAT- 2023/11/14 06:42
MHDA- 2023/11/15 06:43
PMCR- 2023/10/24
CRDT- 2023/11/14 02:18
PHST- 2023/09/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/15 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/14 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/14 02:18 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu15214508 [pii]
AID - nutrients-15-04508 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu15214508 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2023 Oct 24;15(21):4508. doi: 10.3390/nu15214508.