PMID- 37965129
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231119
IS  - 2331-7019 (Print)
IS  - 2331-7019 (Electronic)
IS  - 2331-7019 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Apr
TI  - Performance of a Kinetic Inductance Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier at 4 
      Kelvin: Toward an Alternative to Semiconductor Amplifiers.
LID - 10.1103/physrevapplied.17.044009 [doi]
AB  - Most microwave readout architectures in quantum computing or sensing rely on a 
      semiconductor amplifier at 4 K, typically a high-electron mobility transistor 
      (HEMT). Despite its remarkable noise performance, a conventional HEMT dissipates 
      several milliwatts of power, posing a practical challenge to scale up the number 
      of qubits or sensors addressed in these architectures. As an alternative, we 
      present an amplification chain consisting of a kinetic inductance traveling-wave 
      parametric amplifier (KITWPA) placed at 4 K, followed by a HEMT placed at 70 K, 
      and demonstrate a chain-added noise TSigma = 6.3 +/- 0.5 K between 3.5 and 5.5 GHz. 
      While, in principle, any parametric amplifier can be quantum limited even at 4 K, 
      in practice we find the performance of the KITWPA to be limited by the 
      temperature of its inputs and by an excess of noise Tex = 1.9 K. The dissipation 
      of the rf pump of the KITWPA constitutes the main power load at 4 K and is about 
      1% that of a HEMT. These combined noise and power dissipation values pave the way 
      for the use of the KITWPA as a replacement for semiconductor amplifiers.
FAU - Malnou, M
AU  - Malnou M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8460-9216
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
AD  - Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
FAU - Aumentado, J
AU  - Aumentado J
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
FAU - Vissers, M R
AU  - Vissers MR
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
FAU - Wheeler, J D
AU  - Wheeler JD
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
FAU - Hubmayr, J
AU  - Hubmayr J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2781-9302
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
FAU - Ullom, J N
AU  - Ullom JN
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
AD  - Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
FAU - Gao, J
AU  - Gao J
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
AD  - Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - 9999-NIST/ImNIST/Intramural NIST DOC/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Phys Rev Appl
JT  - Physical review applied
JID - 101633995
PMC - PMC10644704
MID - NIHMS1904598
EDAT- 2022/04/01 00:00
MHDA- 2022/04/01 00:01
PMCR- 2023/11/14
CRDT- 2023/11/15 04:17
PHST- 2022/04/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/15 04:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1103/physrevapplied.17.044009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Phys Rev Appl. 2022 Apr;17(4):10.1103/physrevapplied.17.044009. doi: 
      10.1103/physrevapplied.17.044009.