PMID- 37967104
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231117
LR  - 20231119
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 11
DP  - 2023
TI  - Altered serum TNF-alpha and MCP-4 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of 
      major depressive disorder: A case-control study results.
PG  - e0294288
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0294288 [doi]
LID - e0294288
AB  - BACKGROUND: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental health 
      condition with complex etiology, and recent research has focused on 
      pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as potential contributors to its 
      pathogenesis. However, studies investigating the roles of TNF-alpha and MCP-4 in MDD 
      within the Bangladeshi population are scarce. This study aimed to assess the 
      association between serum TNF-alpha and MCP-4 levels and the severity of MDD, 
      exploring their potential as risk indicators for MDD development. METHODS: This 
      case-control study enrolled 58 MDD patients from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical 
      University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, alongside 30 age, sex, and 
      BMI-matched healthy controls. MDD diagnosis followed DSM-5 criteria and disease 
      severity using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). We measured 
      serum TNF-alpha and MCP-4 levels using ELISA assays according to the supplied 
      protocols. RESULTS: The study revealed significantly elevated serum TNF-alpha levels 
      in MDD patients (47+/-6.6 pg/ml, mean+/-SEM) compared to controls (28.06+/-1.07 pg/ml). 
      These increased TNF-alpha levels positively correlated with Ham-D scores (Pearson's r 
      = 0.300, p = 0.038), suggesting a potential association between peripheral TNF-alpha 
      levels and MDD pathology. Additionally, MDD patients exhibited significantly 
      higher serum MCP-4 levels (70.49+/-6.45 pg/ml) than controls (40.21+/-4.08 pg/ml). 
      However, serum MCP-4 levels showed a significant negative correlation (r = 
      -0.270, P = 0.048) with Ham-D scores in MDD patients, indicating a more complex 
      role for MCP-4 in MDD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: This study highlights that 
      Bangladeshi MDD patients exhibit heightened inflammatory and immune responses 
      compared to controls, supporting the cytokine hypothesis in MDD pathogenesis. 
      Serum TNF-alpha, but not MCP-4, shows promise as a potential biomarker for assessing 
      the risk of MDD development, which could aid in early detection. Future 
      investigations involving larger populations and longitudinal studies are 
      essential to confirm the utility of these cytokines as biomarkers for MDD.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2023 Nayem et al. This is an open access article distributed under 
      the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted 
      use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author 
      and source are credited.
FAU - Nayem, Jannatul
AU  - Nayem J
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University 
      of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Sarker, Rapty
AU  - Sarker R
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Roknuzzaman, A S M
AU  - Roknuzzaman ASM
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Qusar, M M A Shalahuddin
AU  - Qusar MMAS
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, 
      Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Raihan, Sheikh Zahir
AU  - Raihan SZ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7872-0177
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University 
      of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Islam, Md Rabiul
AU  - Islam MR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2820-3144
AD  - School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Mahmud, Zobaer Al
AU  - Mahmud ZA
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University 
      of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231115
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Depressive Disorder, Major
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Bangladesh
MH  - Cytokines
MH  - Biomarkers
PMC - PMC10651034
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/11/15 18:42
MHDA- 2023/11/17 15:29
PMCR- 2023/11/15
CRDT- 2023/11/15 13:43
PHST- 2023/09/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/17 15:29 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/15 18:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/15 13:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-23-29095 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0294288 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2023 Nov 15;18(11):e0294288. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294288. 
      eCollection 2023.