PMID- 37986455
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231127
LR  - 20240213
IS  - 1873-7145 (Electronic)
IS  - 0963-9969 (Linking)
VI  - 174
IP  - Pt 1
DP  - 2023 Dec
TI  - Quantitation of bioactive components in infant formulas: Milk oligosaccharides, 
      sialic acids and corticosteroids.
PG  - 113589
LID - S0963-9969(23)01137-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113589 [doi]
AB  - Human milk is considered the optimal food for infants with abundant nutrients and 
      bioactive components, which play key roles in infant health and development. 
      Infant formulas represent appropriate substitutes for human milk. There are many 
      brands of infant formula with different ingredient sources and functions on the 
      market. The present study aims to quantify important bioactive components, i.e., 
      milk oligosaccharides (MOS), sialic acids (Sia) and corticosteroids, in different 
      infant formulas and compare these to human milk. In total, 12 different infant 
      formulas available on the Dutch market were analyzed in this study. The 
      concentrations of MOS and Sia were characterized by UHPLC-FLD and LC-MS, while 
      corticosteroids were determined using established UHPLC-MS/MS methods. Among 
      infant formulas, 15 structures of oligosaccharides were identified, of which 
      2'-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), 3'-Galactosyllactose (3'GL) and 6'-Galactosyllactose 
      (6́'GL) were found in all infant formulas. The oligosaccharide concentrations 
      differed between milk source and brands and were 3-5 times lower than in human 
      milk. All infant formulas contained Sia, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) was 
      dominant in bovine milk-based formulas, while N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) 
      was major in goat milk-based formula. All infant formulas contained 
      corticosteroids, yet, at lower concentrations than human milk. Insight in 
      concentrations of bioactive components in infant formula compared to human milk 
      may give direction to dietary advices and/or novel formula design.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Liu, Fan
AU  - Liu F
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center 
      Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - van der Molen, Jan
AU  - van der Molen J
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical 
      Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - Kuipers, Folkert
AU  - Kuipers F
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center 
      Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; European Research 
      Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University 
      Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - van Leeuwen, Sander S
AU  - van Leeuwen SS
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical 
      Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic 
      address: s.s.van.leeuwen@rug.nl.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20231014
PL  - Canada
TA  - Food Res Int
JT  - Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
JID - 9210143
RN  - 0 (Sialic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Oligosaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
SB  - IM
MH  - Infant
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Infant Formula/chemistry
MH  - *Sialic Acids/analysis
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Milk, Human/chemistry
MH  - Oligosaccharides/analysis
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bioactive factors
OT  - Corticosteroids
OT  - HPLC-MS/MS
OT  - Infant formulas
OT  - Milk oligosaccharides
OT  - Sialic acids
OT  - UHPLC-FLD
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/11/21 06:42
MHDA- 2023/11/27 12:44
CRDT- 2023/11/21 04:53
PHST- 2023/02/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/27 12:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/21 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/21 04:53 [entrez]
AID - S0963-9969(23)01137-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113589 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Res Int. 2023 Dec;174(Pt 1):113589. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113589. Epub 
      2023 Oct 14.