PMID- 37987248
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231123
IS  - 2073-4468 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4468 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2023 Nov 3
TI  - Elevated IgE Levels-An Allergy or an Underlying Inborn Error of Immunity in 
      Children with Recurrent Infections?
LID - 10.3390/antib12040070 [doi]
LID - 70
AB  - Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a hallmark of allergic diseases. However, high 
      IgE levels also occur in a number of other infectious and noninfectious diseases. 
      In most cases, elevated IgE levels indicate allergy, eczema, or chronic skin 
      infection. Very high IgE levels are not uncommon in patients with active eczema 
      but more often indicate monogenic atopic disorder or inborn errors of immunity 
      with an atopic phenotype. We conducted a retrospective study of 385 children with 
      suspected immune deficiency referred to the clinic over a 9-year period. 
      Measurement of IgE, IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses in blood samples revealed 
      that nearly one-third of the patients had elevated serum IgE levels. Most of the 
      cases with elevated IgE were children with underlying atopy-mainly atopic 
      dermatitis and, to a lesser extent, bronchial asthma-whereas 40.12% (37 children) 
      had no atopy at all. In the most severe cases (with extremely elevated IgE or 
      severe dermatitis), we confirmed genetic mutations for underlying 
      immunodeficiency. Our results indicate that allergic phenotype should not be 
      underestimated and that children with more severe allergic disease should be 
      evaluated for an underlying inborn error of immunity. If inborn error of immunity 
      (IEI) is suspected, a comprehensive immunologic evaluation is required. Genetic 
      testing helps identify the specific genetic abnormality, which provides important 
      insight into the immunopathogenesis of the disease and accurate determination of 
      optimal therapy.
FAU - Kostova, Polina
AU  - Kostova P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3012-1861
AD  - Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
AD  - Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
FAU - Papochieva, Vera
AU  - Papochieva V
AD  - Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
FAU - Miteva, Dimitrinka
AU  - Miteva D
AD  - Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
AD  - Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
FAU - Georgieva, Bilyana
AU  - Georgieva B
AD  - Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
AD  - Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
FAU - Mileva, Sirma
AU  - Mileva S
AD  - Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
AD  - Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
FAU - Shahid, Martin
AU  - Shahid M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7669-1368
AD  - Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave 
      Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
AD  - Dermatology Clinic UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
FAU - Lukanov, Tsvetelin
AU  - Lukanov T
AD  - Department of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, Medical University Sofia, 
      2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
AD  - Clinic of Immunology, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
FAU - Petrova, Guergana
AU  - Petrova G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8168-742X
AD  - Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
AD  - Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, 
      Bulgaria.
LA  - eng
GR  - 170/2022/Medical University of Sofia (Council of Medical Science, project no. 
      7343/2021)/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231103
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Antibodies (Basel)
JT  - Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101587489
PMC - PMC10660463
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - allergic diseases
OT  - immunoglobulin E
OT  - inborn errors of immunity
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/11/21 12:44
MHDA- 2023/11/21 12:45
PMCR- 2023/11/03
CRDT- 2023/11/21 06:26
PHST- 2023/08/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/21 12:45 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/21 12:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/21 06:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - antib12040070 [pii]
AID - antibodies-12-00070 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/antib12040070 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Antibodies (Basel). 2023 Nov 3;12(4):70. doi: 10.3390/antib12040070.