PMID- 37992828
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231201
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 910
DP  - 2024 Feb 1
TI  - Insights into persulfate activation by dicyandiamide-derived carbon for 
      2,4-dichlorophenol degradation: Roles of nitrogen doping and defective carbon 
      atoms.
PG  - 168679
LID - S0048-9697(23)07307-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168679 [doi]
AB  - In this study, a dicyandiamide residue-derived carbon material (DWC-800) was 
      fabricated through a two-step process involving ball-milling nitrogen (N) doping 
      and high-temperature annealing, and then utilized for peroxodisulfate (PDS) 
      activation in the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The obtained DWC-800, 
      with very low N content (0.52 at.%), exhibited highly efficient PDS activation, 
      resulting in complete removal of 2,4-DCP in 60 min. This performance was superior 
      to that of the material with high N content (15.4 at.%), which was prepared using 
      only one-step ball-milling N doping. The N-doped process increased the defective 
      degree of carbocatalyst, and these reactive carbon defects rather than N species 
      greatly improved the adsorption and catalytic activity. The results of quenching 
      experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrated that PDS activation 
      by DWC-800 for 2,4-DCP degradation followed a nonradical pathway, leading to the 
      production of both singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) and carbon-PDS* complex. Notably, 
      electron transfer mediated by the carbon-PDS* complex played a significant role 
      in the degradation of 2,4-DCP. Overall, this study gets new insights into the 
      role of N doping in mediating the structural properties of the carbocatalyst and 
      its catalytic performance, and provides a theoretical basis for the utilization 
      of dicyandiamide waste residue for wastewater remediation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Cheng, Dong
AU  - Cheng D
AD  - College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, 
      China.
FAU - Yang, Dezhi
AU  - Yang D
AD  - College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, 
      China.
FAU - Pan, Ying
AU  - Pan Y
AD  - College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, 
      China.
FAU - Tan, Yuansen
AU  - Tan Y
AD  - College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, 
      China.
FAU - Ma, Runhao
AU  - Ma R
AD  - College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Bo
AU  - Chen B
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of 
      Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
FAU - He, Feng
AU  - He F
AD  - College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, 
      China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of 
      Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. 
      Electronic address: fenghe@zjut.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231120
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 2,4-Dichlorophenol
OT  - Defect structures
OT  - Dicyandiamide-derived carbon
OT  - Electron transfer
OT  - Peroxodisulfate
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial 
      interest.
EDAT- 2023/11/23 00:42
MHDA- 2023/11/23 00:43
CRDT- 2023/11/22 19:28
PHST- 2023/09/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/23 00:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/23 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/22 19:28 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(23)07307-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168679 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2024 Feb 1;910:168679. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168679. 
      Epub 2023 Nov 20.